English Reference

Word

possess

Phoneticspos·sess

US/pəˈzɛs/

UK/pəzˈɛs/

Definitions

01to own or have

B2

v. to have or own a particular quality, skill, or physical object.

v. to have as a property, attribute, or characteristic; to be in possession of something.

“The new applicant possesses all the technical skills we need for this job.”

“The defendant was found to possess several encrypted files that proved his involvement in the data breach.”

Usage

Always transitive; requires a direct object.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02legal possession

C1 · Law

v. to have something in your care or control, even if you do not legally own it.

v. to have physical control or occupancy of property or land, distinguished from legal title or ownership.

“It is illegal to possess certain chemicals without a special permit.”

“The court had to determine whether the tenant continued to possess the premises after the lease had officially expired.”

Technical

Usage

Used specifically in legal contexts regarding property and evidence.

Synonyms

03to be controlled by a feeling

B2

v. to be controlled by a very strong emotion or idea.

v. of an emotion, idea, or impulse: to dominate or influence a person's mind or actions completely.

“I don't know what possessed me to say something so rude to her.”

“A sudden, inexplicable rage seemed to possess him, causing him to storm out of the meeting without a word of explanation.”

Usage

Often used in the passive voice or with 'what' in questions like 'What possessed you?'

04supernatural control

C1 · Religion

v. of a spirit or demon: to take control of a person's body or mind.

v. of a supernatural entity: to inhabit and exert total control over a person or animal.

“In the movie, a dark spirit possesses the young girl and changes her voice.”

“Ancient legends spoke of a vengeful ghost that would possess any traveler who dared to sleep within the ruined temple walls.”

Literary

Usage

Commonly found in religious, horror, or mythological contexts.

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“He added that Iran should not be allowed to possess a nuclear weapon.”
The Guardian · 19 Aug 2026
“One day in January, what comes into Nicholas is the god Pan – a possessing, deranging, life-threatening spirit.”
The Guardian · 16 Jul 2026

Etymology

PIE word *pótis From Middle English possessen (“to have, own; to obtain possession of; to inhabit, occupy”) [and other forms], from Middle French possesser, possessier, Old French possesser, possessier (“to have, own, possess; to dominate”), from Latin possessus (“possessed; seized”), the perfect passive participle of possideō (“to have, hold, own, possess; to have possessions; to take control or possession of, occupy, seize; to abide, inhabit, occupy; to dominate”), from potis (“able, capable, possible”) (from Proto-Indo-European pótis (“master; ruler; husband”)) + sedeō (“to sit; to be seated; to be established, hold firm”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European sed- (“to sit”)).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Collocations

possess characteristicpossess degreepossess functionpossess propertypossess structure

Word family

Idioms

like a man possessed — In an energetic or uncontrolled way.

Domain

Law

This entry

Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency
Common
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/possess

English Reference