English Reference

Word

consume

Phoneticscon·sume, stress on the second syllable

US/kənˈsum/

UK/kənsˈuːm/

Definitions

01to use resources

B1 · Intermediate Academic

v. to use fuel, energy, or time.

v. to exhaust or expend a resource, such as fuel, energy, or time. Transitive in most contexts.

“The old heater consumes a lot of electricity during the winter months.”

“Modern industrial processes consume vast quantities of water, leading to concerns about local resource management and sustainability.”

Usage

Often used in technical or environmental discussions regarding energy and resources.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02to eat or drink

B2 · Upper Intermediate Formal

v. to eat or drink something.

v. to ingest food or drink. This sense carries a more formal or scientific register than 'eat'.

“You should not consume too much sugar if you want to stay healthy.”

“The study monitored how much caffeine the participants consumed over a twenty-four-hour period to assess its impact on sleep quality.”

Synonyms

03to buy goods

B2 · Upper Intermediate Economics Academic

v. to buy and use products or services.

v. to purchase and utilize goods and services within an economy.

“People tend to consume more luxury goods when the economy is doing well.”

“Economists analyze how households consume and save in response to fluctuating interest rates and tax incentives.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

04to fill with emotion

C1 · Advanced Literary

v. to have a feeling so strong that you cannot think about anything else.

v. to engross or obsess someone; to occupy a person's mind or interest completely. Often used in the passive voice.

“He was consumed by guilt after he lied to his best friend.”

“She was so consumed by her research that she frequently forgot to eat or check her messages for days at a time.”

Usage

Commonly follows the pattern 'be consumed by/with [emotion]'.

Synonyms

obsessengrossabsorb

05to destroy

C1 · Advanced Literary

v. to destroy something completely, usually by fire.

v. to destroy or do away with completely, typically through the action of fire or natural forces.

“The forest fire consumed thousands of trees in just a few hours.”

“The flames quickly consumed the abandoned warehouse, leaving nothing but a charred skeletal frame by the time the crews arrived.”

Antonyms

06to take in media

B2 · Upper Intermediate Computing

v. to read, watch, or listen to information and entertainment.

v. to absorb or take in information, especially through digital media or news outlets.

“Many young people consume news through social media rather than television.”

“The way we consume digital content has shifted toward short-form video, significantly altering the advertising landscape.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “consume” in context.

Verb

01. be consumed by

“He was consumed by guilt after lying to his parents.”

verb + prep

02. be consumed with

“She was consumed with curiosity about the contents of the box.”

verb + prep

Noun

03. consume alcohol

“It is illegal to consume alcohol in certain public areas.”

verb + noun

04. consume calories

“Athletes need to consume more calories to maintain their weight.”

verb + noun

05. consume energy

“Modern appliances consume less energy than older models.”

verb + noun

06. consume fuel

“The new engine is designed to consume fuel more efficiently.”

verb + noun

07. consume time

“Writing detailed reports can consume a lot of time.”

verb + noun

08. be consumed by fire

“The entire wooden structure was quickly consumed by fire.”

09. consume a large quantity

“The factory consumes a large quantity of raw materials each month.”

10. consume a vast amount

“The industrial plant consumes a vast amount of water every day.”

Etymology

From Middle English consumen, from Old French consumer, from Latin cōnsūmere, cōnsūmō, from con- (“with, together”) + sūmō (“take; consume”), from sub- + emō (“to buy, take”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European h₁em- (“to take, distribute”), possibly related to the root nem- (“to take or give one's due”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

consume(B1)

Domain

Economics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

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