English Reference

Word

proportion

Phoneticspro·por·tion, stress on the second syllable

US/pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/

UK/pɹəpˈɔːʃən/

Definitions

01a part of a whole

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Academic

n. a part or share of a total amount.

n. a portion or quantity of something considered in relation to the whole. Often used with the preposition 'of'.

“A large proportion of the students live in the city centre.”

“A significant proportion of the annual budget is allocated to research and development, reflecting the company's commitment to innovation.”

Usage

Commonly follows 'a [adjective] proportion of [noun]'.

Antonyms

02relative size or ratio

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Mathematics Academic

n. the relationship between the size, amount, or importance of two things.

n. the comparative relation between things or magnitudes as to size, quantity, or degree.

“The proportion of sugar to flour in this recipe is very high.”

“The architect adjusted the proportion of the windows to the wall surface to ensure the building didn't look too heavy.”

Usage

Often used with the preposition 'to'.

03balance and harmony

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Art

n. the correct or pleasing relationship between the parts of something.

n. the harmonious relation of parts to each other or to the whole. Uncountable in this abstract sense.

“The statue's head is too small, so it looks out of proportion.”

“The designer focused on achieving perfect proportion in the living room, ensuring the furniture didn't overwhelm the space.”

Antonyms

disproportionimbalance

04physical size

C1 · Advanced Plural noun Formal

n. the size or scale of something, especially when it is very large.

n. the dimensions or size of an object or situation. Almost always used in the plural form.

“The rescue operation reached massive proportions as more volunteers arrived.”

“The crisis has reached such proportions that international intervention is now considered a necessity.”

Usage

Typically used in the plural: 'proportions'.

05to adjust to a scale

C2 · Proficiency Formal

v. to adjust something so that it fits or matches something else in size or amount.

v. to adjust or regulate something so that it has a suitable or relative relationship to something else. Transitive use.

“The punishment should be proportioned to the crime.”

“The architect carefully proportioned the columns to match the height of the ceiling, creating a sense of classical grandeur.”

Usage

Often used in the passive voice: 'to be proportioned to'.

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “proportion” in context.

Verb

01. increase proportion

“The government aims to increase the proportion of renewable energy used.”

verb + noun

Adjective

02. considerable proportion

“A considerable proportion of the budget is spent on research and development.”

adj + noun

03. direct proportion

“The price of the product is in direct proportion to its quality.”

adj + noun

04. increasing proportion

“An increasing proportion of students are choosing to study online.”

adj + noun

05. inverse proportion

“The amount of free time I have is in inverse proportion to my workload.”

adj + noun

06. significant proportion

“A significant proportion of the population lives in urban areas.”

adj + noun

07. substantial proportion

“The charity receives a substantial proportion of its funding from private donors.”

adj + noun

Noun

08. proportion vary

“The proportion of ingredients may vary depending on the recipe you follow.”

noun + verb

Real-World Examples

“Researchers said the high proportion of intrapartum stillbirths raises concerns about the quality and timeliness of care women receive during labour and delivery.”
Al Jazeera 14 Aug 2026
“In other words, there will be lots more people qualifying for the state pension, and fewer working people, as a proportion, paying taxes into the pot to cover the bill.”
BBC News 30 Jun 2026

Etymology

From Middle English proporcion, from Old French proportion, from Latin prōportiō (“comparative relation, proportion, symmetry, analogy”), from pro (“for, before”) + portio (“share, part”); see portion.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

proportion(B2)

Idioms

Domains

ArtMathematics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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