English Reference
noun

righteousness

n.
US /ˈɹaɪtʃəsnəs/ UK /ɹˈaɪtʃəsnəs/ right·eous·ness UK spelling righteousnesses

  1. 01 C1 Advanced Formal

    the quality of being morally right and good.

    the quality or state of being morally upright, virtuous, or justifiable.

    Simple

    He was a man of great righteousness who always tried to help the poor.

    In context

    The leader's reputation for righteousness made it difficult for his opponents to find any personal scandals to use against him.

    Usage

    Uncountable in this general moral sense.

    virtueuprightnessintegrity
  2. 02 C1 Advanced Formal Religion

    living in a way that follows God's laws or religious rules.

    conformity of life and conduct to divine law or religious principles.

    Simple

    The priest spoke about the path to righteousness through prayer and fasting.

    In context

    In many theological traditions, righteousness is viewed not just as human effort but as a state of grace granted by the divine.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is very common in scripture and religious sermons but rare in everyday conversation.

    sinfulnessunholiness
  3. 03 C2 Proficiency ArchaicLiterary

    a specific action that is morally good or right.

    a specific act or instance of being righteous.

    Simple

    The old stories are full of the righteousnesses of the saints.

    In context

    The text enumerates the various righteousnesses required of a citizen, from paying taxes to defending the city.

    Usage

    Used as a countable noun in this sense, though this is rare in modern English.

    Teacher's tip

    Modern speakers almost always use the uncountable form; the plural 'righteousnesses' sounds very old-fashioned.

    good deedvirtuous act

For someone in Macaulay’s position, zeal and righteousness were not character flaws, but the only adequate response to a system that defined her out of legitimate political speech.

Aeon· 18 Aug 2026

From earlier rightwiseness, from Middle English rightwisnes, from Old English rihtwīsnes (“justice”), equivalent to righteous + -ness.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Old English rihtwīsnes
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Frequent
Updated