English Reference

Word

rune

US/ˈɹun/

UK/ɹˈuːn/

Definitions

01ancient letter

B2

n. a letter from an old alphabet used by people in Northern Europe, like the Vikings, a long time ago.

n. a character from the alphabets used by ancient Germanic peoples, such as the Scandinavians and Anglo-Saxons, prior to the adoption of the Latin alphabet.

“The archaeologist found a large stone with a mysterious rune carved into its surface.”

“Scholars spent decades deciphering the runes inscribed on the burial ship, which provided new insights into early medieval trade routes.”

02magic symbol

C1

n. a mark or symbol that people believe has secret or magical powers.

n. a mark or sign used as a mystical or magical symbol, often associated with divination or protection.

“In the story, the wizard drew a glowing rune in the air to open the door.”

“The fantasy novel describes a system of magic where practitioners must carefully ink specific runes onto parchment to cast their spells.”

Literary

Synonyms

03Unicode code point

C2 · Computing

n. a single character in a computer's text system, representing a letter, number, or symbol.

n. an integer value representing a Unicode code point; specifically used in the Go programming language to represent a single character.

“The programmer used a rune to handle the special characters in the text file.”

“When iterating over a string in Go, each element is treated as a rune rather than a raw byte to ensure multi-byte characters are handled correctly.”

Technical

Synonyms

code pointcharacter

04epic poem

C2

n. a section of a long, traditional poem from Finland or Scandinavia.

n. a canto or division of a Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, most notably within the Kalevala.

“The professor read the first rune of the epic aloud to the class.”

“The rhythmic structure of the Finnish runes influenced many later poets who sought to capture a sense of ancient northern mythology.”

Literary

Synonyms

05to write poetry

C2

v. to write or perform poems or songs.

v. to compose or perform poetry or songs; an intransitive use found in older literature.

“The old bard would rune for hours by the fire.”

“In the ancient hall, the poet began to rune of heroes and forgotten battles, captivating the gathered crowd.”

Archaic · Literary

Synonyms

Real-World Examples

“Otherwise, reading the runes is just a matter of guesswork.”
The Guardian · 2 Sept 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Raune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun. ; Finnic epic poem ; "code point"

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Programming

This entry

Level
C2 · Proficiency
Frequency
Occasional
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/rune

English Reference