English Reference

Word

serve

US/ˈsɝv/

UK/sˈɜːv/

Definitions

01to help customers

A2 · Elementary

v. to help customers in a shop, restaurant, or bank.

v. to attend to a customer's needs in a commercial or professional setting.

“The clerk was busy serving another customer when I walked into the store.”

“The boutique prides itself on serving high-net-worth clients with a level of discretion that larger department stores cannot match.”

Synonyms

assistattend tohelp

02to provide food or drink

A2 · Elementary Cooking

v. to give food or drink to someone, especially during a meal.

v. to provide or distribute food or drink to guests or customers.

“They serve breakfast in the hotel dining room until ten o'clock.”

“The chef recommends serving the venison with a reduction of red wine and juniper berries to complement the gamey flavour.”

Synonyms

03to work for an organisation

B1 · Intermediate Military

v. to work for a particular organisation, especially the military or the government.

v. to perform duties for a sovereign, state, or organisation, particularly in a military or official capacity.

“My grandfather served in the navy for twenty years before he retired.”

“She served with distinction on the regional council for three consecutive terms before pursuing a career in national politics.”

Synonyms

work forbe employed by

04to be useful

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to be useful or helpful for a particular purpose.

v. to be functional or adequate for a specific purpose or requirement.

“This old wooden crate can serve as a coffee table for now.”

“The preliminary report will serve as a foundation for the more detailed environmental impact study scheduled for next year.”

Synonyms

05to spend time in prison

B2 · Upper Intermediate Law

v. to spend a specific amount of time in prison.

v. to undergo a period of imprisonment as a legal penalty.

“He had to serve three years in prison for his role in the robbery.”

“The defendant was sentenced to serve ten years, though he may be eligible for parole after completing two-thirds of that time.”

Synonyms

06to deliver legal papers

C1 · Advanced Law Formal · Technical

v. to officially give someone a legal document, like a summons to go to court.

v. to deliver a legal notice or writ to a person so that they are officially informed of a legal action.

“The lawyers finally managed to serve him with the divorce papers yesterday.”

“Process servers often face significant challenges when attempting to serve individuals who are actively evading legal proceedings.”

Synonyms

07to look very good

C1 · Advanced Slang · Informal

v. to look very stylish or attractive.

v. to present an exceptionally attractive or stylish personal appearance.

“She is really serving in that new outfit she bought for the party.”

“The drag queen walked onto the stage and was absolutely serving, captivating the entire audience with her elaborate costume.”

Teaching tip

This is a modern slang use often found in fashion and LGBTQ+ contexts; it is very informal.

Synonyms

slaylook good

08starting a game

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Sports

n. the act of hitting the ball to start a point in games like tennis.

n. the act or manner of putting the ball or shuttlecock into play in court games.

“Her serve is so fast that most players cannot even touch the ball.”

“The match turned in his favour once he regained his confidence and began landing his first serve with consistent accuracy.”

Synonyms

09a portion of food

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Cooking British English · Dialect

n. an amount of food for one person.

n. a portion of food or drink intended for one person.

“That is a very large serve of chips for just one person.”

“The restaurant offers a standard serve of vegetables with every main course at no additional charge.”

Teaching tip

In American English, 'serving' or 'portion' is much more common than 'serve' for food.

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “serve” in context.

01. serve interest 02. serve population 03. serve role

Etymology

From Middle English serven, from Old French servir, from Latin serviō (“be a slave; serve”), from Latin servus (“slave; servant”), which perhaps derives from Etruscan (compare Etruscan proper names 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌉 (servi), 𐌔𐌄𐌓𐌅𐌄 (serve)), or from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“watch over, protect”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

VERB

serve(A2)

Idioms

Domains

LawMilitaryNauticalSports

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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English Reference