English Reference

Word

society

Phoneticsso·ci·ety

US/səˈsaɪəti/

UK/səsˈaɪəti/

Definitions

01people in general

A2 · Elementary Uncountable noun

n. all the people living together in a country or community, and the way they live.

n. the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community; the collective body of citizens.

“Modern society relies heavily on technology for communication and work.”

“The study examines how modern society adapts to rapid technological shifts while attempting to maintain traditional cultural values.”

Usage

Often used without an article when referring to the general concept of people living together.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02an organization

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a group of people who join together because they share a particular interest or aim.

n. an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.

“She joined the university's debating society to improve her public speaking.”

“The historical society maintains a comprehensive archive of local documents dating back to the town's founding in the eighteenth century.”

03high society

C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Formal

n. the group of people in a community who are very rich, powerful, or famous.

n. the aggregate of fashionable and wealthy people who form a distinct class in a community.

“The wedding was the biggest event of the year for local society.”

“The novel provides a biting critique of high society, exposing the superficiality and rigid hierarchies of the urban elite.”

Teaching tip

In modern English, this sense is often used with 'high' or 'polite' to specify the social class.

Synonyms

eliteupper classhigh life

Antonyms

working class

04companionship

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Literary · Formal

n. the state of being with other people rather than being alone.

n. the state of being in the company of others; companionship or social interaction.

“He lived alone for many years and rarely sought the society of others.”

“After months of isolation in the wilderness, the explorer found himself longing for the society of his fellow humans.”

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “society” in context.

01. civil society 02. human society 03. international society 04. modern society 05. royal society 06. society homogeneous 07. western society

Real-World Examples

“Academic societies exist to connect people in a field and celebrate their achievements, but undue weight attached to honorifics increases the risk of the system being abused.”
Nature 30 Sept 2026
“The society we live in now seems catered to trap us in digital bubbles, now more so than ever due to working from home.”
Mastering Grammar 1 Aug 2026

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *sokʷéh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ṓy Proto-Indo-European *sokʷh₂ṓy Proto-Indo-European *-yós Proto-Indo-European *sokʷyós Proto-Italic *sokjos Latin sokios Latin socius Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ts Proto-Indo-European *-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *-tāts Latin -tās Latin societāslbor. Old French societé Middle French societébor. English society Borrowed from Middle French societé, from Old French societé, from Latin societās, societātem (“fellowship, association, alliance, union, community”), from socius (“associated, allied; partner, companion, ally”), from Proto-Indo-European sokʷ-yo- (“companion”), from Proto-Indo-European sekʷ- (“to follow”). First attested in the 1530s.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

society(A2)

Idioms

Domain

Law

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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