English Reference
noun · verb

son

n. · v.
US /ˈsən/ UK /sˈʌn/ son UK spelling son's, son's

  1. 01 A1 Beginner

    n.a person's male child.

    n.a male offspring in relation to his parents, whether biological or adopted.

    Simple

    They have two children: a son and a daughter.

    In context

    The king was desperate for a son to inherit the throne and ensure the continuity of the royal lineage.

    boymale child
  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Informal

    n.a friendly way for an older person to speak to a younger man.

    n.a familiar or patronising form of address to a male, typically from an older or more authoritative person.

    Simple

    Don't worry about the mistake, son; we all learn from experience.

    In context

    The old mechanic leaned over the engine and said, 'Listen closely, son, because I am only going to show you this trick once.'

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Literary

    n.a man who comes from a particular place or was shaped by it.

    n.a male person regarded as the product or representative of a specific country, region, or social movement.

    Simple

    He was a famous son of the city who never forgot his roots.

    In context

    The monument was dedicated to the fallen sons of the soil who had defended the valley during the border conflicts of the nineteenth century.

  4. 04 C2 Proficiency Technical Music

    n.a style of music and dance from Cuba.

    n.A genre of music and dance that originated in Cuba, combining Spanish guitar and African percussion elements.

    Simple

    The band played a traditional son that got everyone dancing.

    In context

    The evolution of salsa owes a significant debt to the rhythmic structures of Afro-Cuban son developed in the late nineteenth century.

  5. 05 C2 Proficiency Technical Computing

    n.a new version of a computer file made from an older one.

    n.The current version of a file or data set, derived from a preceding 'father' file in a generational backup system.

    Simple

    The system automatically creates a son file every time you save your work.

    In context

    In the grandfather-father-son backup rotation, the son represents the most recent incremental daily backup.

  6. 06 C2 Proficiency Informal

    v.to call a younger man 'son' when talking to him.

    v.To address a male person using the term 'son', often to assert authority or show affection.

    Simple

    He didn't like it when the older boss started sonning him in front of clients.

    In context

    The veteran officer tended to son the new recruits, a habit that some found comforting and others found condescending.

Usage son of former


Etymology 1

From son (“male offspring”).

Etymology 2

As a surname, from: *Korean 손 (son) *Khmer ស៊ន (sɔɔn) or Khmer សឺន (səɨn)

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level A1 · Beginner
Frequency Very common
Updated