English Reference
adjective · verb

spoken

adj. · v.
US /ˈspoʊkən/ UK /spˈəʊkən/ spo·ken

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate

    adj.relating to talking rather than writing.

    adj.relating to or expressed through oral communication as opposed to written text.

    Simple

    The exam has both a written part and a spoken part.

    In context

    The professor emphasized that spoken language often follows different grammatical conventions than formal academic writing.

    Usage

    Usually placed before the noun it describes.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.having a specific style or way of talking.

    adj.characterised by a specified manner of speaking; almost always used with an adverb.

    Simple

    She is a very soft-spoken person who never raises her voice.

    In context

    The plain-spoken diplomat was respected for his directness, even when his messages were difficult for the committee to hear.

    Usage

    Typically appears as the second part of a hyphenated compound adjective.

  3. 03 A2 Elementary

    v.the past participle of 'speak', used after 'have' or 'be'.

    v.the past participle of the irregular verb 'speak'.

    Simple

    I have already spoken to the manager about the problem.

    In context

    By the time the meeting concluded, every member of the board had spoken their mind regarding the proposed merger.

    Pitfall
    I have spoke to him already. I have spoken to him already.

    The past participle 'spoken' must be used with the auxiliary verb 'have' in perfect tenses, not the simple past 'spoke'.

Usage spoken openly


Morphologically spoke + -n.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated