English Reference
noun · verb · interjection

surprise

n. · v. · interj.
US /səˈpɹaɪz/ UK /səpɹˈaɪz/ sur·prise UK spelling surprises

  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    n.the feeling you have when something happens that you did not expect.

    n.the emotional state or sensation of astonishment caused by an unexpected event.

    Simple

    To my surprise, the shop was already open when I arrived early.

    In context

    Much to the surprise of the researchers, the initial data suggested a correlation that contradicted their primary hypothesis.

  2. 02 A2 Elementary

    n.an event, gift, or piece of news that you did not expect.

    n.an unexpected or astonishing event, fact, or thing.

    Simple

    I have a little surprise for you in the car.

    In context

    The sudden resignation of the prime minister came as a complete surprise to the political establishment.

  3. 03 A2 Elementary

    v.to do something that someone does not expect, often making them feel happy or shocked.

    v.to cause someone to feel mild astonishment or shock by acting unexpectedly.

    Simple

    We managed to surprise her with a beautiful birthday cake.

    In context

    The company's decision to double its annual dividend surprised even the most optimistic market analysts.

    Usage

    This verb is transitive and requires a direct object.

    astoundstartleamaze
  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to find or attack someone when they are not prepared.

    v.to encounter, attack, or discover someone unexpectedly or without warning.

    Simple

    The sudden rainstorm surprised the hikers while they were on the ridge.

    In context

    The enemy forces were surprised in their camp before they had time to organize a proper defense.

  5. 05 B2 Upper Intermediate InformalHumorous

    interj.a word used to show you are not shocked because something was very obvious.

    interj.a sarcastic exclamation used to indicate that a supposedly unexpected event was actually predictable.

    Simple

    He forgot his keys again. Surprise, surprise.

    In context

    The billionaire avoided paying taxes for the tenth year in a row—surprise, surprise.

Usage surprise attack


From Middle English surprise, borrowed from Middle French surprise (“an overtake”), nominal use of the past participle of Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”), from sor- (“over”) + prendre (“to take”), from Latin super- + Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere (“to grasp, seize”). Doublet of suppli.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin prendere
Level A2 · Elementary
Frequency Common
Updated