English Reference

Word

swallow

Phoneticsswal·low, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈswɑɫoʊ/

UK/swˈɒləʊ/

Definitions

01to ingest food or drink

B1 · Intermediate

v. to move food or drink from your mouth down your throat into your stomach.

v. to cause food, liquid, or other substances to pass from the mouth into the stomach via the oesophagus.

“The pill was quite large, so she had to take a big drink of water to swallow it.”

“Patients with severe throat infections often find it difficult to swallow even liquid nourishment without significant discomfort.”

Antonyms

02to believe something easily

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

v. to believe a story or an explanation without asking questions, even if it seems unlikely.

v. to accept a statement, story, or idea without protest or skepticism.

“I can't believe he actually swallowed that ridiculous excuse about his car breaking down.”

“The public was not prepared to swallow the government's official explanation for the sudden increase in interest rates.”

03to hide an emotion

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to stop yourself from showing a feeling, like pride or anger.

v. to suppress or restrain an emotional response or utterance.

“He had to swallow his pride and ask his parents for a loan.”

“She swallowed her anger and responded to the criticism with a professional, measured tone.”

Antonyms

04a small bird

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a small bird with long, pointed wings and a tail that looks like a fork.

n. a migratory passerine bird of the family Hirundinidae, characterised by a deeply forked tail and graceful flight.

“We saw a swallow building its nest under the roof of the old barn.”

“The arrival of the first swallow is traditionally regarded in many European cultures as a definitive sign of spring.”

05an amount of liquid

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. the amount of food or drink that you take into your stomach at one time.

n. the act of swallowing or the quantity of a substance taken in a single such act.

“He took a quick swallow of coffee before rushing out the door.”

“After the long hike, a single swallow of cold water felt like the greatest luxury imaginable.”

Synonyms

06nautical pulley part

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Science Technical

n. the opening in a pulley block that a rope passes through.

n. the space or opening in a pulley block between the sheave and the shell through which the rope is threaded.

“The sailor checked the swallow of the block to make sure the rope wasn't stuck.”

“The boatswain noted that the rope was fraying because the swallow of the wooden block had become worn and jagged.”

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “swallow” in context.

Verb

01. swallow the bitter truth

“It was a difficult moment when the team had to swallow the bitter truth of their defeat.”

verb + adj + noun

02. swallow the pill whole

“The doctor told him to swallow the pill whole rather than crushing it.”

verb + noun + adj

03. swallow your pride

“You will have to swallow your pride and apologize if you want to keep your job.”

verb + possessive + noun

Noun

04. flight of the swallow

“We spent the afternoon watching the graceful flight of the swallow over the lake.”

noun + of + noun

05. swallow nests in barns

“Every spring, the swallows nest in the old wooden barns behind the house.”

noun + verb

Adverb

06. hardly swallow the food

“His throat was so sore that he could hardly swallow the food.”

adv + verb + noun

07. swallow hard before speaking

“He swallowed hard before speaking to the crowd, trying to hide his nerves.”

verb + adv + prep + noun

Real-World Examples

“When I asked Huda, via Diane, about this new accommodation, she described mashing up food with her hands so that her daughter can swallow it.”
The Guardian 13 Aug 2026
“The swallows that had been whizzing around the thatched cottages rested for a while.”
The Guardian 12 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English swolwen, from Old English swelgan, from Proto-West Germanic swelgan, from Proto-Germanic swelganą (“to swallow, revel, devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *swelk- (“to gulp”). Cognate with Dutch zwelgen (“to revel, carouse, guzzle”), German schwelgen (“to delight, indulge”), Swedish svälja (“to swallow, gulp”), Icelandic svelgja (“to swallow”), Old English swillan, swilian (“to swill, wash out, gargle”). See also swill. The noun is from Middle English swolow, swolwe, from Old English swelh, swelg (“gulf, chasm”) and ġeswelge (“gulf, chasm, abyss, whirlpool”), both from Proto-West Germanic swelg, swalgi, from Proto-Germanic swelgaz, swalgiz. Cognate with Old English swiliġe (“pit”), Scots swelch, swellie, swallie (“an abyss in the sea, whirpool”), Middle Low German swelch (“whirlpool, eddy”), Dutch zwelg (“gorge, chasm, gullet, throat”), Old Norse svelgr (“whirlpool, current, stream”).

From Middle English swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, from Old English swealwe, from Proto-West Germanic swalwā, from Proto-Germanic swalwǭ. Cognate with Norwegian and Danish svale, Dutch zwaluw, German Schwalbe, Swedish svala.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Idioms

Domain

Nautical

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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English Reference