English Reference
noun

threat

n.
US /ˈθɹɛt/ UK /θɹˈɛt/ threat UK spelling threated, threating, threats

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    a statement or message saying that someone will hurt you or punish you if you do not do what they want.

    a declaration of an intention or determination to inflict punishment, injury, or loss on someone in retaliation for or conditional upon some action or course.

    Simple

    The company received a serious threat from a group of hackers yesterday.

    In context

    The anonymous caller issued a direct threat against the witness, warning of severe consequences if she chose to testify in court.

    Pitfall
    He made a threat for me. He made a threat against me.

    When a threat is directed at a person, use the preposition 'against'.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    the possibility that something very bad or dangerous will happen in the future.

    the state of being at risk; an indication of imminent danger or an undesirable future event.

    Simple

    Rising sea levels are a major threat to many coastal cities.

    In context

    Economists warned that the sudden increase in oil prices posed a significant threat to the stability of the global recovery.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    a person or thing that is likely to cause damage or trouble.

    a person, object, or force regarded as a source of danger or a menace.

    Simple

    The escaped tiger was seen as a threat to the local village.

    In context

    The intelligence agency identified the rogue software as a persistent threat to national infrastructure security.

    menacehazardsource of danger

Usage threat to bomb · threat to boycott · threat to people

He said: “Japan has identified Russia as a major source of threats.

The Guardian· 13 Aug 2026

Huda is a 41-year-old engineering graduate who fled death threats in Tunisia with her two daughters, one of whom has serious health conditions.

The Guardian· 13 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English threte, thret, thrat, thræt, threat, from Old English þrēat (“crowd, swarm, troop, army, press; pressure, trouble, calamity, oppression, force, violence, threat”), from Proto-Germanic þrautaz, closely tied to Proto-Germanic þrautą (“displeasure, complaint, grievance, labour, toil”), from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze, push, press”), whence also Middle Low German drōt (“threat, menace, danger”), Middle High German drōz (“annoyance, disgust, horror, terror, fright”), Icelandic þraut (“struggle, labour, distress”), Russian труд (trud, “work, labour”), Polish trud (“hard work”), Latin trūdō (“push”, verb).

Etymology 2

From Middle English threten, from Old English þrēatian (“to press, oppress, repress, correct, threaten”). Akin to Middle Dutch drōten (“to threaten”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *trewd-
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated