English Reference
noun · verb

timber

n. · v.
US /ˈtɪmbɝ/ UK /tˈɪmbɐ/ tim·ber UK spelling timbers

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    n.wood that has been prepared for use in building and carpentry.

    n.wood that has been processed into beams and planks for use in construction or carpentry.

    Simple

    The old house was built with huge pieces of oak timber.

    In context

    The construction crew waited for a fresh delivery of structural timber before they could begin framing the second floor of the cabin.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Technical

    n.trees that are grown specifically to be cut down and sold as wood.

    n.standing trees or wooded land considered as a source of wood for commercial use.

    Simple

    The company bought the land mainly for its valuable timber.

    In context

    Sustainable management of the forest ensures that new growth replaces the timber harvested each year for the paper industry.

  3. 03 C2 Proficiency Technical

    v.to put wooden beams into a building or a mine to support it.

    v.to support or frame a structure, such as a mine shaft or building, with wooden beams.

    Simple

    The workers had to timber the walls of the tunnel to keep it safe.

    In context

    Engineers decided to timber the unstable sections of the mine shaft to prevent a collapse during the excavation process.

Plastic gets harder and more brittle, and poorly sealed timber starts to swell.

The Guardian· 21 Aug 2026

Carbon dating of the ships’ timbers suggests that they sank in the late 1240s, likely caught in one of Menorca’s meteotsunamis.

Smithsonian Magazine· 9 Jul 2026

From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic timr, from Proto-Germanic timrą, from Proto-Indo-European dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European dṓm). Cognates include Dutch timmer, Old High German zimbar (German Zimmer), Norwegian tømmer, Old Norse timbr, Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build”), Latin domus and Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *dem-
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Common
Updated