Word
vanity
Phoneticsvan·i·ty, stress on the first syllable
US/ˈvænəti/
UK/vˈænɪti/
Definitions
01excessive pride
B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun
n. having too much pride in your own appearance, abilities, or achievements.
n. excessive pride in or admiration of one's own appearance or achievements. Uncountable in this abstract sense.
“His vanity was so great that he couldn't walk past a mirror without looking at himself.”
“The politician's vanity eventually became his downfall, as he refused to listen to any advice that contradicted his own high opinion of himself.”
Synonyms
02a dressing table
B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun American English
n. a small table with a mirror that you use when putting on makeup or fixing your hair.
n. a piece of bedroom furniture consisting of a low table and a mirror, used while applying makeup or grooming.
“She sat at her vanity every morning to brush her hair and put on her jewelry.”
“The antique vanity featured intricate wood carvings and a heavy crystal mirror that had been passed down through three generations.”
Usage
Countable noun.
Teaching tip
In British English, 'dressing table' is the standard term for this piece of furniture.
Synonyms
03a bathroom cabinet
B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun American English
n. a cabinet under a bathroom sink that hides the pipes and provides storage.
n. a bathroom unit consisting of a washbasin set into a flat top with cupboards or drawers underneath.
“We chose a marble top for the new bathroom vanity during the renovation.”
“The contractor suggested a double vanity for the master bathroom to provide sufficient storage and counter space for the couple.”
Usage
Countable noun.
04worthlessness
C1 · Advanced Uncountable noun Literary
n. the quality of being useless or having no real value.
n. the quality of being worthless, futile, or lacking in real value. Often used in literary or religious contexts.
“The poet wrote about the vanity of chasing fame and money.”
“The philosopher argued that the pursuit of material wealth was mere vanity in the face of eternal truths.”
Usage
Uncountable noun.
Teaching tip
Often encountered in the phrase 'vanity of vanities' from biblical literature.
Antonyms
Real-World Examples
“Vanity is the excessive belief in one's own abilities or attractiveness compared to others.” “Vanity is about having excessive pride in one's appearance or achievements.” “In early July United unveiled plans for their proposed new 100,000-seater stadium , located about 350 metres north-west of Old Trafford, insisting this is a “sanity, not vanity project”.” “All of the major parties declined to field candidates and take part in what they called a “media circus” and “vanity project”.” Etymology
From va(i)n + -ity, from Middle English vanite, from Old French vanité, from Latin vānitas, from vānus, whence English vain. Doublet of vanitas.
Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.
In Literature
Cover: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons — William Makepeace Thackery.
Vanity Fair · 1848-01-01 · Satirical fiction
- Author:
- William Makepeace Thackeray
William Makepeace Thackeray’s 19th-century masterpiece follows the ambitious Becky Sharp as she climbs the social ladder of British high society. The title refers to a place where people are obsessed with status and worldly possessions, highlighting the characters' excessive pride and shallow motivations. Through this satire, the author explores how the pursuit of social standing often stems from a preoccupation with one's own success.
- Exam level
- CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
- Frequency
- Frequent
- Level
- C1 · Advanced
- Updated
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