English Reference
noun

warfare

n.
US /ˈwɔɹˌfɛɹ/ UK /wˈɔːfeə/ war·fare UK spelling warfared, warfares

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    the activity of fighting a war or a long period of armed conflict.

    the act of engaging in or the state of being at war; the general conduct of armed conflict.

    Simple

    The country has suffered through years of brutal warfare and economic collapse.

    In context

    The civilian population bore the brunt of the warfare, as the conflict moved from remote borders into densely populated urban centres.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Technical

    a particular way of fighting, often named after the tools or tactics used.

    military operations characterised by a specific method, environment, or technology.

    Simple

    The soldiers were trained in jungle warfare before being sent to the tropical region.

    In context

    Modern military doctrine has shifted its focus toward cyber warfare, prioritising the protection of digital infrastructure over traditional territorial defence.

    Usage

    Often used as the second part of a compound noun, such as 'chemical warfare' or 'trench warfare'.

  3. 03 C1 Advanced Literary

    a situation where people or companies compete very strongly and try to hurt each other.

    intense conflict or competition between opposing groups that resembles military struggle in its aggression.

    Simple

    The two tech giants are engaged in a legal warfare over patent rights.

    In context

    The boardroom witnessed a form of psychological warfare as the rival executives vied for the support of the remaining shareholders.

In fact, it was a trend in imperial warfare during the early 20th century, as seen in Nazi Germany’s wartime operations as well.

The Conversation· 14 Aug 2026

The remarkable discovery exposes a thriving weapons trade network that connected Mediterranean powers during a time of piracy, warfare, and growing demand for military equipment.

ScienceDaily· 8 Jun 2026

From war + fare; perhaps a shortening of Middle English werre-faringe, werfarynge (“waging war, warfare”, literally “going to war”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English werre-faringe
Level C1 · Advanced
Frequency Common
Updated