English Reference
noun · verb

windmill

n. · v.
US /ˈwɪndˌmɪɫ/ UK /wˈɪndmɪl/ wind·mill UK spelling windmill's, windmill's

  1. 01 B1 Intermediate

    n.a building with large wooden blades that turn in the wind to grind grain or pump water.

    n.a traditional structure utilizing sails or vanes to convert wind energy into rotational motion for milling or pumping.

    Simple

    The old windmill on the hill was once used to grind wheat into flour.

    In context

    Preservationists worked to restore the eighteenth-century windmill, ensuring the internal wooden gears could still rotate during the annual heritage festival.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate Informal

    n.a modern machine with blades that turns wind into electricity.

    n.a wind turbine used for power generation; technically distinct from a mill but frequently used as a synonym in general discourse.

    Simple

    The fields were filled with giant white windmills producing clean energy.

    In context

    While engineers prefer the term 'wind turbine', the local community often refers to the offshore energy farm as a collection of windmills.

    wind turbinegenerator
  3. 03 A2 Elementary

    n.a small toy on a stick with paper or plastic blades that spin when you blow on them.

    n.a child's toy consisting of vanes mounted on a stick that rotate when exposed to air currents.

    Simple

    The toddler laughed as the colorful windmill spun around in the breeze.

    In context

    Vendors at the seaside boardwalk sold bright plastic windmills that blurred into rainbows when the children ran along the sand.

    pinwheel
  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate

    n.a movement where you swing your arms or legs in a large circle.

    n.a kinetic movement in sports, dance, or music characterized by a full 360-degree rotation of the limbs.

    Simple

    The guitarist finished the song with a dramatic windmill across the strings.

    In context

    The breakdancer executed a flawless windmill, transitioning from the floor rotation into a headspin without losing momentum.

  5. 05 C1 Advanced Literary

    n.an enemy that is not real, but someone treats it as if it is.

    n.an imaginary or perceived opponent, typically used in the idiom 'tilting at windmills'.

    Simple

    He spent his life fighting windmills, arguing against problems that didn't exist.

    In context

    The politician was accused of tilting at windmills, wasting public resources on a perceived threat that had no basis in reality.

  6. 06 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to move your arms or legs in large, fast circles.

    v.to move or rotate with a sweeping, circular motion, often uncontrollably.

    Simple

    He fell off the boat, his arms windmilling as he tried to stay balanced.

    In context

    The cyclist's legs continued to windmill frantically even after the chain had snapped, leaving him unable to maintain his speed on the incline.

    flailspin

From Middle English wyndmylne, wyndmylle, equivalent to wind + mill. Cognate with Scots wyndmyln, wyndmyl, Saterland Frisian Wíendmäälne, West Frisian wynmûne, Dutch windmolen, Afrikaans windmeul, Dutch Low Saxon windmölle (Achterhooks), wiendmeule (Drents, Veluws), German Low German Windmöhl, German Windmühle, Danish vindmølle, Norwegian Bokmål vindmølle, Norwegian Nynorsk vindmølle, vindmylne, Swedish vindmölla, Icelandic vindmylla. (imaginary enemy): A reference to Don Quixote tilting at windmills.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English wyndmylne
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Occasional
Updated