abstract

B2 · Upper Intermediate Art

adj. a style of art that uses shapes and colours instead of showing real people or places.

adj. denoting a style of art that does not attempt to represent external reality, but seeks to achieve its effect using shapes, forms, colours, and textures.

日本語:抽象的※

“The museum has a large collection of abstract paintings from the 1950s.”

“Kandinsky is often credited with creating the first purely abstract works, moving away from recognisable subjects entirely.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Academic

n. a short piece of writing that gives the main points of a longer report or speech.

n. a brief summary of the chief points of a larger work, such as a scholarly article, thesis, or legal document.

日本語:要旨※

“I read the abstract of the research paper to see if it was relevant to my project.”

“The conference organisers require a three-hundred-word abstract before they will consider your proposal for a presentation.”

C1 · Advanced Academic · Formal

v. to remove something from a larger group or to think about it separately.

v. to consider something theoretically or separately from its physical context; to extract or remove.

“It is difficult to abstract the data from the original report without losing context.”

“The researcher attempted to abstract the general principles of linguistics from the specific dialects spoken in the valley.”

C2 · Proficiency Formal · Technical

v. to write a short summary of a long document.

v. to create a summary or abridgement of a text.

“The clerk was asked to abstract the legal documents for the judge.”

“The intern spent the afternoon abstracting several lengthy medical journals for the department's monthly newsletter.”