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abuse

n. · v.
US //əbˈjus// abuse
  1. 1 cruel treatment (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    cruel or violent treatment of a person or animal.

    the physical, emotional, or sexual maltreatment of a person or animal. Uncountable in a general sense but often countable when referring to specific instances.

    Example

    The charity works to protect children from physical and emotional abuse.

    Example

    The investigation uncovered a systemic pattern of abuse within the institution that had been ignored by management for decades.

  2. 2 misuse of something (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    using something in a wrong or harmful way, like power or drugs.

    the improper or excessive use of something, particularly substances or positions of authority.

    Example

    The reporter exposed the politician's abuse of power during the election.

    Example

    Public health initiatives are focusing on the long-term effects of substance abuse in rural communities.

    • proper use
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  1. 3 insulting words (n.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    rude, angry, or insulting words said to someone.

    offensive, insulting, or vilifying language directed at a person. Usually uncountable.

    Example

    The referee had to stop the game because of the verbal abuse from the fans.

    Example

    The witness described a torrent of racial abuse directed at the shopkeeper during the confrontation.

  2. 4 to treat cruelly (v.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    to treat a person or animal in a cruel or violent way.

    to subject a person or animal to physical or emotional harm. Transitive verb requiring a direct object.

    Example

    He was arrested after neighbours reported that he was abusing his dog.

    Example

    The regime was accused of abusing political prisoners to extract confessions before their trials.

  3. 5 to misuse (v.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    to use something wrongly or too much, especially for your own advantage.

    to use something improperly or for a wrong purpose; to exploit a privilege or substance.

    Example

    You should not abuse the trust your manager has placed in you.

    Example

    The company was fined for abusing its dominant market position to crush smaller competitors.

  4. 6 to insult (v.)
    C1 Advanced Formal

    to speak to someone in a very rude or insulting way.

    to attack someone verbally with offensive or disparaging language.

    Example

    The angry customer began to abuse the staff when they refused his refund.

    Example

    The protesters were seen abusing passers-by who refused to join their demonstration.

Etymology 1

From Middle English abusen, then from either Old French abus (“improper use”), or from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“make improper use of, consume, abuse”), from ab (“away”) + ūtor (“to use”). Equivalent to ab- + use.

Etymology 2

From Middle English abusen, from Middle French abuser, from Latin abūsus (“misused, using up”), perfect active participle of abūtor (“to use up, misuse, consume”), from ab (“from, away from”) + ūtor (“to use”).

Word family
Idioms1 entry

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