English Reference
Word conjunction · noun · verb

and

conj. · n. · v.
US /ˈænd/ UK /ˈænd/ and UK spelling anded, anding, ands
Definition
  1. 01 A1 Beginner

    conj.you use this to join two or more words, ideas, or parts of a sentence together.

    conj.a coordinating conjunction used to connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank.

    Simple

    “We bought some fresh bread and a bottle of milk at the store.”

    In context

    “The research team collected soil samples and water specimens from several locations across the valley to ensure a diverse data set.”

    Usage

    In a list of three or more items, it usually appears only before the final item.

    Pitfall
    I like apples, oranges, and, bananas. I like apples, oranges, and bananas.

    Do not put a comma after 'and' when listing items.

    Synonyms
    plusalong with
    Antonyms
    butor
  2. 02 A1 Beginner

    conj.you use this to show that one action happens after another one.

    conj.used to indicate chronological sequence or a progression of events.

    Simple

    “I finished my homework and went straight to bed.”

    In context

    “The technician calibrated the sensors and immediately began the primary phase of the experiment to capture the initial reaction.”

    Synonyms
    thenafterward
  3. 03 B1 Intermediate

    conj.you use this to show that the second part of a sentence happens because of the first part.

    conj.used to introduce a clause that expresses a consequence or result of the preceding statement.

    Simple

    “Work hard and you will pass the exam.”

    In context

    “Maintain a consistent exercise regimen and you will likely observe significant improvements in your cardiovascular health over the coming months.”

    Synonyms
    thereforeso
  4. 04 A2 Elementary Informal

    conj.used after verbs like 'go', 'come', or 'try' instead of 'to'.

    conj.serves as a substitute for the infinitive marker 'to' after specific verbs of motion or effort.

    Simple

    “Please try and be on time for the meeting tomorrow.”

    In context

    “I will go and check the inventory levels in the warehouse before we finalize the purchase order.”

    Usage

    Commonly follows 'go', 'come', 'try', or 'wait'.

  5. 05 B2 Upper Intermediate Technical Math

    n.a rule in math or computers where a result is only true if two things are both true.

    n.a logical operator that yields a true value only if all its operands are true.

    Simple

    “The computer uses an AND gate to process these two signals.”

    In context

    “The conditional statement requires an AND operator to ensure that both the user credentials and the security token are valid before granting access.”

    Synonyms
    conjunction
    Antonyms
    ornot
  6. 06 B2 Upper Intermediate Music

    n.the second half of a beat in music.

    n.the weak part of a beat, often represented as the 'offbeat' in a simple meter.

    Simple

    “The drummer hits the cymbal on the and of beat four.”

    In context

    “The syncopated rhythm requires the pianist to emphasize the and of the second beat, creating a distinctive jazz feel.”

    Teacher's tip

    Musicians often count 'one-and-two-and' to keep track of eighth notes.

    Synonyms
    offbeatupbeat
  7. 07 C1 Advanced Technical Computing

    v.to join two computer values using a logical rule.

    v.to perform a bitwise or logical conjunction on two or more values.

    Simple

    “You need to and these two binary strings to get the mask.”

    In context

    “The processor will and the incoming bitmask with the status register to determine if the interrupt flag has been triggered.”

Etymology
Etymology 1

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ent- Proto-Indo-European *-s Proto-Indo-European *h₂énts Proto-Indo-European *-i Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti Proto-Germanic *andi Old English and Middle English and English and Inherited from Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic andi, from Proto-Germanic andi, anþi, from Proto-Indo-European h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian än (“and”), Saterland Frisian un (“and”), West Frisian en (“and”), Dutch en, ende (“and”), German und (“and”), German Low German on, un (“and”), Luxembourgish an (“and”), Vilamovian an, ana (“and”), Yiddish און (un), אונ (un), אונד (und), אונ׳ (un', “and”), Danish end (“still; ever; even”), Faroese enn (“still, yet”), Icelandic en (“and”), enn (“still, yet”), Norwegian Bokmål enn (“and”), Norwegian Nynorsk en, enn (“and”), Swedish än (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle English ande, from Old English anda (“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norse andi (“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic anadô (“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”). Cognate with German Ahnd, And (“woe, grief”), Danish ånde (“breath”), Swedish anda, ande (“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandic andi (“spirit”), Albanian ëndë (“pleasure, delight”), Latin animus (“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.

Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle English anden, from Old English andian (“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norse anda (“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic *anadōną (“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with German ahnden (“to avenge, punish”), Danish ånde (“to breathe”), Swedish andas (“to breathe”), Icelandic anda (“to breathe”). See above.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin ine-pro *h₂énti
Level A1 · Beginner
Frequency Very common
Updated