English Reference

Word

canal

US/kəˈnæɫ/

UK/kənˈæl/

Definitions

01artificial waterway

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a man-made river built for boats to travel on or to carry water to farms.

n. an artificial waterway constructed for navigation, drainage, or irrigation purposes.

“The narrow boat moved slowly along the canal through the countryside.”

“The expansion of the shipping canal allowed much larger container vessels to bypass the lengthy journey around the southern tip of the continent.”

Usage

Often used with 'the' when referring to a specific famous waterway like the Suez Canal.

02anatomy or botany

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Medicine Technical

n. a tube-like passage in the body of a person, animal, or plant.

n. a tubular passage or duct within an organism that conveys substances or houses specific organs.

“The doctor checked his ear canal to see if there was an infection.”

“The surgeon carefully cleared the blockage in the bile canal to restore normal digestive function for the patient.”

Usage

Commonly appears in compound terms like 'ear canal' or 'root canal'.

Synonyms

03astronomy

C2 · Proficiency Plural noun Science Archaic

n. lines once thought to be seen on the surface of the planet Mars.

n. linear markings on the surface of Mars that early astronomers incorrectly believed were artificial waterways.

“Old books sometimes show drawings of canals on Mars made by early astronomers.”

“Nineteenth-century observations of Martian canals sparked intense public speculation regarding the existence of an advanced extraterrestrial civilisation.”

Teaching tip

This sense is historical; modern science has proven these were optical illusions rather than actual structures.

Synonyms

04to build a waterway

C1 · Advanced Formal · Technical

v. to dig or build a canal in a specific area.

v. to construct an artificial waterway through a region, typically for drainage or transport.

“The government decided to canal the marshland to prevent flooding.”

“Engineers proposed a plan to canal the valley, effectively diverting the seasonal runoff into the reservoir system.”

Usage

This verb is transitive and requires a direct object.

Synonyms

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “canal” in context.

Verb

01. cruise along the canal

“We spent the afternoon cruising along the canal on a narrowboat.”

verb + prep + noun

02. dig a canal

“The workers spent years digging a canal to connect the two rivers.”

verb + noun

Adjective

03. artificial canal

“The Suez Canal is a famous artificial canal that links the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.”

adj + noun

04. narrow canal

“The boat struggled to turn around in the narrow canal.”

adj + noun

Noun

05. canal bank

“Many people enjoy cycling along the canal bank during the summer.”

noun + noun

06. canal boat

“They live on a colorful canal boat and travel across the country.”

noun + noun

07. canal network

“The country has an extensive canal network used for transporting goods.”

noun + noun

Preposition

08. along the canal

“We took a peaceful walk along the canal as the sun was setting.”

prep + noun

Real-World Examples

“In June, Ferrari warned that too many people were trying to cool off in rivers and canals without necessarily taking the risks into account.”
BBC News 23 Aug 2026
“The Central Arizona Project canal brings Colorado River water to cities, tribes and industry in the Phoenix-to-Tucson region.”
The Conversation 20 Aug 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French canal, from Old French canal, from Latin canālis (“channel; canal”), from canālis (“canal”), from canna (“reed, cane”), from Ancient Greek κάννα (kánna, “reed”), from Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), from Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na). Doublet of channel.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Domains

AnatomyAstronomyBotany

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

QR code

englishreference.com/q/canal

English Reference