English Reference
adjective

chronological

adj.
US /ˌkɹɑnəˈɫɑdʒɪkəɫ/ UK /kɹˌɒnəlˈɒdʒɪkəl/ chrono·log·i·cal

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    arranged in the order that things happened, starting with the oldest event.

    arranged in the order of occurrence from the earliest to the most recent.

    Simple

    The history book lists the kings in chronological order.

    In context

    The detective arranged the witness statements in chronological order to identify exactly when the suspect had left the building.

    Usage

    Usually precedes the noun 'order' or 'sequence'.

    Teacher's tip

    This is a high-frequency word in academic writing and history; students should learn it as part of the fixed phrase 'chronological order'.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced TechnicalAcademic Science

    relating to time or how we measure it.

    pertaining to the measurement of time or the science of chronology.

    Simple

    Your chronological age is how many years you have lived.

    In context

    The study compared the children's chronological age with their reading ability to see if they were ahead of their peers.

    Usage

    Often used in medical or psychological contexts to distinguish actual age from mental or biological age.

    Teacher's tip

    In general English, sense 1 is much more common. This sense is mostly found in formal reports or scientific papers.

Here is a rough list, which is more chronological than in order of importance.

The Guardian· 13 Aug 2026

Researchers found that dementia risk increased when the brain appeared older than the person's actual chronological age.

ScienceDaily· 31 Jul 2026

From chrono- + -logical or chronology + -ical.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated