English Reference

Word

church

Phoneticschurch

US/ˈtʃɝtʃ/

UK/tʃˈɜːtʃ/

Definitions

01a building

A2 · Elementary Countable noun Religion

n. a building where Christians go to pray and have religious services.

n. a building constructed for Christian religious services and communal worship.

“The old stone church stands in the middle of the village square.”

“The architect preserved the original stained glass while modernising the church's structural foundations to meet current safety standards.”

Synonyms

chapelcathedralhouse of worship

02a religious service

A2 · Elementary Uncountable noun Religion

n. a religious meeting or ceremony that happens in a church.

n. a public religious service held in a church building.

“The family usually goes to church on Sunday mornings.”

“Attendance at church has fluctuated over the last decade, reflecting broader shifts in the town's demographic and social habits.”

03a religious organisation

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Religion

n. a specific group of Christians or a whole religious organisation, like the Catholic Church.

n. a particular Christian denomination or the collective body of all Christian believers.

“She is an active member of the local Methodist church.”

“The Church issued a formal statement regarding the new legislation, sparking a debate about the separation of religion and state.”

04religion as an institution

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Formal

n. organised religion seen as a powerful force in society or politics.

n. institutionalised religion considered as a social or political entity.

“The constitution describes the separation of church and state.”

“Historians often examine the tension between church and crown during the medieval period to understand the evolution of legal systems.”

Synonyms

organised religion

05to educate religiously

C2 · Proficiency Religion Formal

v. to teach someone about religion, usually from a young age.

v. to bring someone under the influence of a church or to provide them with a religious education.

“He was churched in a very strict environment that he later left.”

“The mission sought to church the local population through a combination of primary education and charitable works.”

Synonyms

indoctrinateevangelise

Usage

When referring to the activity of worship rather than the building, it is used without an article ('go to church').

Pitfall

I am going to the church to pray.

I am going to church to pray.

When referring to the purpose or activity of worship, the definite article 'the' is omitted.

Real-World Examples

“A new Vatican document affirms the Second Vatican Council's landmark teaching on the Church's relationship with the Jewish people and those of other faiths, while inviting humanity to enter upon a common "journey of hope.”
Ground News 30 Sept 2026
“The Church is located at 11345 Karnes Rd. in Hillsboro.”
Ground News 29 Sept 2026
“What is the Church doing to address questions such as God’s role in people’s lives in such a technological society?”
Ground News 24 Sept 2026
“The Diocese of Westminster, which includes much of the capital city London, said it had 252 catechumens and over 250 candidates, making a total of over 500 to be received into the Catholic Church at Easter — the most seen since 2018.”
Ground News 13 Apr 2025

Etymology

From Middle English chirche, from Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic \kirikā — an early borrowing of Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón), the neuter form of κυριακός (kuriakós, "belonging to the lord"). The Greek derives from κύριος (kúrios, "lord"), itself from Proto-Indo-European \ḱewh₁- ("to swell, be strong, prevail"). The word was applied to Christian houses of worship from around 300 CE, particularly in the East, though ἐκκλησία and βασιλική remained more common. The Germanic peoples appear to have taken the term before their conversion, possibly via Gothic transmission; it sits alongside kirk as a doublet.

The borrowing illustrates the direct Greek-to-Germanic route that many Christian terms travelled, bypassing Latin entirely. West Frisian tsjerke, Saterland Frisian Säärke, Dutch kerk, German Kirche, Danish kirke, Swedish kyrka, Norwegian kirke/kyrkje, and Icelandic kirkja all preserve the same consonant frame. Slavic languages acquired it secondarily through Old High German chirihha: Old Church Slavonic црькꙑ, Bulgarian църква, Russian церковь. The Romance and Celtic branches, meanwhile, held to descendants of Latin ecclēsia — a neat partition of European vocabulary along lines of ecclesiastical influence.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

Church(A2)

Related words

Idioms

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.A2 KeyIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.3.0–4.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 2.0–2.524–43TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.225–549
Frequency
Very common
Level
A2 · ElementaryOxford
Updated

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