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damage

n. · v.
US //ˈdæmədʒ// UK //dˈæmɪdʒ// dam·age
  1. 1 harm or injury (n.)
    B1 Intermediate

    physical harm caused to something, which makes it less attractive, useful, or valuable.

    physical or abstract harm that impairs the value, usefulness, or normal function of an object or person.

    Example

    The heavy rain caused serious damage to the roof of the old house.

    Example

    The structural damage to the bridge was more extensive than the engineers had initially predicted after the flood waters receded.

    Usage

    Usually uncountable when referring to physical harm.

    Pitfall
    The storm caused many damages to the roof.
    The storm caused much damage to the roof.

    In general usage, 'damage' is uncountable. Use 'damages' only in a legal context when referring to money paid as compensation.

  2. 2 the cost (n.)
    C1 Advanced Informal Humorous

    the price or cost of something, like a meal or a bill.

    the total cost or expense incurred, typically for a service or purchase.

    Example

    That was a great dinner; now, what is the damage for the bill?

    Example

    After the group had finished their expensive round of drinks, the host jokingly asked the waiter for the total damage.

    Teacher's tip

    This sense is used to make light of a high price; it is best avoided in professional or serious financial discussions.

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  1. 3 to harm something (v.)
    B1 Intermediate

    to break or spoil something so that it does not work well or look good.

    to inflict physical or abstract harm upon an object, reputation, or system.

    Example

    Be careful not to damage the screen when you clean your laptop.

    Example

    The scandal threatened to permanently damage the politician's reputation just weeks before the national election.

    Usage

    Transitive verb; always requires a direct object.

Origin

From Middle English damage, from Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum from Classical Latin damnum. Compare modern French dommage. Largely displaced native Middle English scath (whence unscathed). Cognate with Spanish daño.

Word family

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