downward
adj. · adv.-
1 moving or pointing lower (adj.) B2 Upper Intermediatemoving or pointing toward the ground or a lower position.
directed or moving toward a lower physical level or position.
ExampleThe hikers followed a steep downward path toward the valley floor.
ExampleThe downward slope of the mountain became increasingly treacherous as the loose gravel shifted under the climbers' boots.
UsageUsually placed before the noun it describes.
-
2 decreasing in value (adj.) B2 Upper Intermediateshowing a decrease in amount, quality, or price.
indicating a trend toward a lower price, value, or level of quality.
ExampleThe company is worried about the downward trend in sales this year.
ExampleEconomists observed a significant downward pressure on interest rates following the central bank's unexpected policy announcement.
Show 1 more senseShow fewer
-
3 toward a lower place (adv.) B2 Upper Intermediatetoward a lower place or level.
toward a lower physical position, hierarchy, or value.
ExampleShe looked downward to avoid making eye contact with the crowd.
ExampleThe eagle spiralled downward, its eyes fixed intently on the movement in the tall grass below.
UsageIn British English, 'downwards' is often preferred for the adverbial use, while 'downward' is more common in American English.
Teacher's tipNote that 'downward' is the standard adjective form in all dialects, but the adverbial form varies between 'downward' and 'downwards' or 'downwards'.
PitfallHe looked downwardly at his shoes.He looked downward at his shoes.The word 'downward' already functions as an adverb; 'downwardly' is rarely used and often considered incorrect in this context.
From down + -ward.