English Reference

Word

evolution

Phoneticsevo·lu·tion

US/ˌɛvəˈɫuʃən/

UK/ɪvəlˈuːʃən/

Definitions

01biological change

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun Science

n. the process by which living things change over many generations to adapt to their environment.

n. the process of cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population over successive generations.

“In biology class, we learned about the evolution of birds from small dinosaurs.”

“Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection remains the foundational principle of modern biological science, explaining the vast diversity of life on Earth.”

Synonyms

adaptationnatural selection

02gradual development

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the slow and steady development of an idea, a system, or a situation.

n. the gradual development of something into a more complex or advanced state.

“The evolution of the mobile phone has changed how we communicate every day.”

“The evolution of the company from a small family business into a global corporation took nearly half a century of careful expansion.”

03physical movement

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Formal

n. a planned series of movements or a change in position.

n. a pattern of movements or a coordinated change in position, often in a military or dance context.

“The dancers performed a complex evolution across the stage.”

“The naval fleet executed a series of complex evolutions to demonstrate their readiness for the upcoming joint exercises.”

04mathematical extraction

C2 · Proficiency Uncountable noun Mathematics Technical

n. the process of finding the root of a number.

n. the extraction of a root from a power or a number.

“Evolution is the mathematical term for finding a square root.”

“In classical arithmetic, evolution refers to the operation of finding the root of a quantity, the inverse of involution.”

Synonyms

root extraction

Antonyms

involution

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “evolution” in context.

Adjective

01. biological evolution

“Darwin's theory explains the mechanisms of biological evolution over millions of years.”

adj + noun

02. human evolution

“The museum features an exhibit dedicated to the history of human evolution.”

adj + noun

Noun

03. evolution of

“Scientists are studying the evolution of the virus to develop better vaccines.”

noun + prep

Real-World Examples

“Naidu suspects that black hole stars play a major role in the evolution of galaxies.”
The Guardian 12 Aug 2026
“The change began thousands of years before European contact, providing unusually strong evidence that diet can shape human evolution.”
ScienceDaily 10 Aug 2026

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ēvolūtiō, ēvolūtiōnis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”), from ēvolūtus, perfect passive participle of ēvolvō (“unroll, unfold”), from ex + volvō (“roll”). Compare typologically Czech vývoj, Serbo-Croatian развој, Russian разви́ть (razvítʹ), развива́ть (razvivátʹ), разви́ться (razvítʹsja), развива́ться (razvivátʹsja), Russian разви́тие (razvítije), related to Proto-Slavic *viti (whence Czech vít, Russian вить (vitʹ)).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Word family

NOUN

evolution(B2)

Domains

BiologyChemistryMathematicsMilitarySports

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Common
Level
B2 · Upper IntermediateOxford
Updated

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