English Reference
adjective · noun

external

adj. · n.
US /ɪkˈstɝnəɫ/ UK /ɛkstˈɜːnəl/ ex·ter·nal UK spelling externals

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.located on the outside of something.

    adj.situated on or relating to the outside or exterior of an object or body.

    Simple

    The external walls of the house were painted white to reflect the heat.

    In context

    The external structure of the spacecraft was designed to withstand the extreme thermal fluctuations encountered during atmospheric re-entry.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate Academic

    adj.coming from a different person, company, or group.

    adj.originating from or provided by a source outside the subject or organisation under consideration.

    Simple

    The company hired an external consultant to review their finances.

    In context

    The university underwent an external audit to ensure that its research funding was being allocated according to national guidelines.

    outsideindependentthird party
    internalin house
  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Formal

    adj.relating to other countries or nations.

    adj.relating to or connected with foreign nations or international affairs.

    Simple

    The government is reviewing its external trade policies this year.

    In context

    The ministry of external affairs issued a statement regarding the escalating diplomatic tensions in the region.

  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate Technical Computing

    adj.a piece of equipment that is not inside the main computer.

    adj.referring to hardware or storage devices that are connected to but not contained within the main chassis of a computer.

    Simple

    I keep all my backup photos on an external hard drive.

    In context

    The server's capacity was expanded using an external storage array connected via a high-speed fibre channel.

    built inintegrated
  5. 05 C1 Advanced FormalLiterary

    n.the outward parts or appearance of something.

    n.the outward features, appearances, or exterior aspects of a person or thing; typically used in the plural.

    Simple

    He was a kind man, though his externals were rough and intimidating.

    In context

    The philosopher argued that one should focus on the cultivation of the soul rather than the fleeting nature of worldly externals.

    internals
  6. 06 C2 Proficiency Technical Computing

    n.a value in a computer program that comes from outside the current file.

    n.a variable defined in the source code whose value is derived from an external source or shared across multiple modules.

    Simple

    The programmer declared the configuration setting as an external.

    In context

    By using externals, the development team ensured that the core logic remained decoupled from the environment-specific parameters.

Usage external linking · external sites · concurrent external

In a statement on Thursday, the company said its financial situation was due to "external economic challenges".

BBC News· 20 Aug 2026

The plant, Europe’s ‌largest with six reactors, produces no electricity but needs power ​supplied by two external links to keep nuclear fuel cool, Reuters said.

The Guardian· 20 Aug 2026

From Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin externus (“outward, external”), from exter/exterus (“on the outside, outward”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin la-med externus
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated