independent

B1 · Intermediate

adj. a country that is free and not ruled by another country.

adj. possessing the status of a self-governing nation; not subject to the authority of another state.

“The nation became independent in 1960 after years of colonial rule.”

“The treaty recognized the territory as a fully independent state with the power to manage its own foreign policy and defense.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Academic

adj. not influenced by the opinions or actions of others.

adj. not subject to bias, external influence, or the control of a larger organization.

“The committee will conduct an independent investigation into the accident.”

“The researchers insisted on an independent peer review to ensure that the findings were not skewed by the funding agency's interests.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Law

n. a person who does not belong to a specific political party.

n. a candidate or voter who is not affiliated with any established political party.

“He decided to run as an independent because he disagreed with both major parties.”

“In a closely contested election, the support of undecided independents often determines the final outcome in swing districts.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. a small company that is not owned by a large corporation.

n. a small, privately owned business or artistic entity that operates outside the control of major conglomerates.

“The town has many independents, like the local bookstore and the family-run bakery.”

“The rise of digital distribution has allowed musical independents to reach a global audience without signing to a major record label.”