English Reference

Word

peripheral

Phoneticspe·riph·er·al, stress on the second syllable

US/pɝˈɪfɝəɫ/

UK/pəɹˈɪfəɹəl/

Definitions

01on the edge

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. located on the edge or outer part of something.

adj. relating to or situated on the edge or periphery of an area or object.

“The town has many small shops in the peripheral areas away from the center.”

“The development of peripheral housing estates has significantly increased the daily commute for those working in the city's financial district.”

Antonyms

02not the main focus

C1 · Advanced Academic

adj. not as important as the main part of a situation or problem.

adj. of secondary or minor importance; marginal to the core issue.

“The cost of the project is a peripheral issue compared to its environmental impact.”

“While the historical context is interesting, it remains peripheral to the primary objective of this scientific study.”

03vision

C1 · Advanced Medicine Technical

adj. related to what you can see out of the corner of your eye.

adj. relating to the outer edges of the field of vision.

“I saw a sudden movement in my peripheral vision and turned my head.”

“The patient reported a gradual loss of peripheral vision, which prompted the specialist to test for early signs of glaucoma.”

Antonyms

04computer equipment

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Computing

n. a piece of equipment, like a printer or keyboard, that you connect to a computer.

n. any auxiliary device that connects to and works with a computer to put information into it or get information out of it.

“The price of the computer does not include peripherals like a monitor or mouse.”

“Modern operating systems are designed to recognise and configure most peripherals automatically as soon as they are plugged into a USB port.”

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “peripheral” in context.

Adjective

01. peripheral vision

“The athlete used his peripheral vision to spot his teammate running alongside him.”

adj + noun

Real-World Examples

“Ludwig Professor of Cancer Research and a professor of genetics at Stanford Medicine, began investigating why peripheral immune cells appeared to increase resilience to Alzheimer's.”
ScienceDaily 14 Aug 2026
“What poetry is not, however, is peripheral to human life.”
The Guardian 10 Aug 2026

Etymology

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *per-der. Ancient Greek περί (perí) Ancient Greek περῐ- (perĭ-) Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti Proto-Hellenic *pʰérō Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō) Ancient Greek περιφέρω (periphérō) Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ēs Ancient Greek -ης (-ēs) Ancient Greek περιφερής (peripherḗs) Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂der. Ancient Greek -ια (-ia) Ancient Greek περιφέρεια (periphéreia)bor. Latin peripheriabor. Middle French peripheriebor. English periphery Proto-Italic *-ālis Latin -ālisbor. Old French -albor. ▲ Latin -ālis Old French -elbor. ▲ Latin -ālisbor. Middle English -al English -al English peripheral From peripher(y) + -al.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

ADJECTIVE

peripheral(C1)

Domain

Computing

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Frequent
Level
C1 · Advanced
Updated

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English Reference