English Reference

Word

filter

Phoneticsfil·ter, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈfɪɫtɝ/

UK/fˈɪltɐ/

Definitions

01cleaning device

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a device that removes dirt or unwanted pieces from a liquid or gas.

n. a porous device or substance used to separate suspended particulate matter from a fluid.

“You need to change the water filter every six months to keep the water clean.”

“The industrial ventilation system utilizes a high-efficiency particulate air filter to ensure the laboratory remains free of contaminants.”

Usage

often used with 'water', 'air', or 'coffee' as a modifier.

Synonyms

strainersievepurifier

02digital image effect

A2 · Elementary Countable noun Computing

n. a software tool that changes how a photo or video looks, often used on social media.

n. a digital image processing effect that alters the appearance of a photograph or video stream.

“She used a vintage filter to make her new photos look like they were from the 1970s.”

“Social media platforms offer a variety of augmented reality filters that can modify facial features in real-time during video calls.”

Synonyms

03self-restraint in speech

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Informal

n. the ability to think before you speak so you do not say something rude or inappropriate.

n. the psychological or social capacity for self-censorship and restraint in verbal communication.

“Sometimes he says exactly what he thinks because he has no filter.”

“In casual settings, her lack of a social filter is charming, but it can be problematic during formal business negotiations.”

Usage

usually used with 'no' or 'a' in phrases like 'he has no filter'.

Synonyms

04to remove unwanted parts

B1 · Intermediate

v. to pass a liquid or gas through a device to clean it.

v. to pass a substance through a medium to remove impurities or specific components.

“The sunlight was filtered by the thick leaves of the trees.”

“The kidneys work constantly to filter waste products from the blood and maintain chemical balance.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

05to move slowly

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to move or spread slowly, often a few people or things at a time.

v. to move, seep, or communicate gradually or in small quantities.

“News about the company's closing began to filter out to the employees.”

“After the concert ended, the audience began to filter out of the stadium and into the nearby subway stations.”

Usage

often used with prepositions like 'through', 'in', or 'out'.

Synonyms

Antonyms

06to ride between lanes

C1 · Advanced British English

v. to ride a motorcycle or bicycle between lanes of slow-moving cars.

v. to navigate a two-wheeled vehicle between lanes of stationary or slow-moving traffic.

“The motorcyclist filtered through the heavy traffic to reach the front of the queue.”

“While filtering is legal in many jurisdictions, riders must exercise extreme caution when passing between large commercial vehicles.”

Synonyms

lane-splitting

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “filter” in context.

Verb

01. apply a filter

“She applied a sepia filter to the photograph to give it a nostalgic, vintage feel.”

verb + noun

02. lack a social filter

“He often offends people because he seems to lack a social filter when expressing his opinions.”

verb + adj + noun

03. pass through a filter

“The water must pass through a carbon filter before it is safe enough for the village to drink.”

verb + prep + noun

Adjective

04. built-in filter

“Modern email clients have a built-in filter that automatically moves suspicious messages to the spam folder.”

adj + noun

05. polarizing filter

“The photographer used a polarizing filter to reduce the glare reflecting off the surface of the lake.”

adj + noun

Noun

06. coffee filter

“I realized I had run out of paper coffee filters just as I was about to brew a fresh pot.”

noun + noun

07. filter of perception

“We all view the world through a personal filter of perception shaped by our past experiences.”

noun + of + noun

Real-World Examples

“The government is advising people , external to either use indirect viewing methods or wear genuine eclipse glasses with specially designed filters that meet international safety standards ISO 12312-2:2015(E).”
BBC News 12 Aug 2026
“The models it tested were granted access to the internet, and the AISI also disabled in-built filters that would usually block dangerous cyber-attacks.”
BBC News 6 Aug 2026
“If it's orangey or dark brown, that's a sign that your kidneys - which filter waste products and produce urine - are holding onto water because there isn't enough in the body.”
BBC News 8 Jul 2026
“For close-up images, a telephoto lens fitted with a solar filter and mounted on a tracking system will produce the best results.”
BBC News 12 Aug 2026

Etymology

From Middle English filtre, from Medieval Latin filtrum (compare also Old French feutre (“felt; filter”)), from Frankish filtir, from Proto-West Germanic felt. See felt. Doublet of phin.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Word family

NOUN

filter(C1)

Idioms

Domains

MathematicsPhotographyTechnology

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.C1 AdvancedIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.7.0–8.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 5.0–5.595–113TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.945–990
Frequency
Common
Level
C1 · AdvancedOxford
Updated

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English Reference