ENGLISH
REFERENCE

incl

prep.
B1 Intermediate in·cl

prep. a short way of writing 'including'. You use it in lists or on receipts to show that something is part of the total.

prep. an abbreviation for 'including' or 'inclusive of'. Used to indicate that a specific item or amount is part of a larger group or total.


SIMPLE

The price is $50, incl. tax.

CONTEXTUAL

The total cost for the weekend trip is $300 per person, incl. all meals and transport.

COMPLEX

The final report covers all regional branches, incl. the newly opened office in Singapore, to provide a comprehensive overview of the firm's quarterly performance.

Usage

Typically followed by a noun or a list of items; almost always written with a period (incl.) in formal contexts.

Pitfall

The price is $20 incls tax.The price is $20 incl. tax.The abbreviation 'incl.' does not take an 's' even when referring to multiple items.

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