ENGLISH
REFERENCE

IND

adj.
C1 Advanced ind Archaic Literary

adj. describing someone who works or acts on their own without being controlled by others. You use this for people, countries, or companies that make their own decisions.

adj. operating or functioning without external control or influence. Often describes a political entity that is self-governing or a person who does not rely on others for financial or emotional support.


Usage

Often followed by the preposition 'of' when describing a lack of connection to something else.

Pitfall

He is independent from his parentsHe is independent of his parentsWhile 'from' is sometimes used in political contexts, 'independent of' is the standard collocation for personal or functional autonomy.

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