English Reference

Word

literal

Phoneticslit·er·al, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈɫɪtɝəɫ/

UK/lˈɪtəɹəl/

Definitions

01exact meaning

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. the most basic or exact meaning of a word, without any metaphors or exaggeration.

adj. pertaining to the primary or strict meaning of a word or expression; devoid of metaphorical or figurative interpretation.

“The literal meaning of 'blue' is a color, but it can also mean feeling sad.”

“The translator struggled to balance a literal rendering of the text with the need to preserve the author's poetic tone.”

Usage

usually placed before the noun

02real or actual

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. used to emphasize that something is real or actually happened.

adj. denoting the actual or factual nature of a thing; used to emphasize that a description is not an exaggeration.

“The storm caused a literal mountain of trash to wash up on the beach.”

“The explorers faced a literal wall of ice that blocked their path to the summit for three days.”

Pitfall

I had a literal heart attack when I saw the bill.

I had a figurative heart attack when I saw the bill.

Avoid using 'literal' for things that did not actually happen; 'figurative' or 'metaphorical' is more accurate if you are exaggerating.

Antonyms

03fixed value in code

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Computing Technical

n. a fixed value written directly into a computer program, like a specific number or a piece of text.

n. a notation for representing a fixed value within source code, as opposed to a variable or an identifier.

“In the code, the number 5 is a literal, while 'x' is a variable.”

“The compiler optimizes the program by evaluating string literals at compile time rather than during execution.”

Usage

countable noun in technical contexts

Synonyms

04spelling mistake

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Formal · Technical

n. a small mistake in printing or writing, especially one that involves a single letter.

n. a typographical error involving a single character or letter, often occurring during typesetting or transcription.

“The editor found a few literals in the first chapter that needed correcting.”

“Despite multiple rounds of proofreading, a single literal remained in the final title of the academic journal.”

Synonyms

typomisprint

Confusables

literal vs literary

Literal describes the exact, non-figurative meaning of words, while literary describes things related to books and formal writing.

RememberLiteral is the Letter of the law; Literary is for Literature.

Real-World Examples

“Menos mal means ‘less evil, wrong or harm’ in its most literal sense, but in reality it’s used as an interjection in a similar way to ‘thank goodness’ in English.”
The Local 15 Sept 2026
“Qué pasa is a bit like saying 'what's up', 'what’s going on’' or 'hey' in English, in its literal sense in Spanish meaning 'what's happening’ or ‘what happens’.”
The Local 25 Aug 2026
“Unfortunately, there isn't a literal translation for golden parachute or golden handshake; you might say instead the person got a lot of ' pasta ' (Spanish slang term for money).”
The Local 30 Jun 2021

Etymology

From Middle English literal, from Old French literal, from Late Latin litteralis or literalis (“of or pertaining to letters or to writing”), from Latin littera or litera (“a letter”). See letter.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Word family

ADJECTIVE

literal(B2)

Related words

Domains

LogicProgramming

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Updated

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English Reference