English Reference

Word

minus

Phoneticsmi·nus, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈmaɪnəs/

UK/mˈaɪnəs/

Definitions

01subtraction

A2 · Elementary Mathematics

prep. used to show that one number is being taken away from another.

prep. denoting subtraction or the reduction of one quantity by another.

“Seven minus three equals four.”

“The final invoice total was the gross amount minus the initial deposit paid last month.”

Usage

Functions as a preposition; the result of the operation is called the 'difference'.

Synonyms

Antonyms

02without

B2 · Upper Intermediate Informal

prep. not having something; missing a part.

prep. deprived of or lacking a specific element or accompaniment.

“He returned from the beach minus his sunglasses.”

“The team arrived at the presentation minus their lead designer, who had been delayed by a cancelled flight.”

Teaching tip

This usage is common in spoken English to describe accidental loss or humorous absence.

Synonyms

Antonyms

03a disadvantage

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun

n. a bad point or a disadvantage of a situation.

n. a negative quality, drawback, or disadvantage.

“The house is beautiful, but the long commute is a big minus.”

“When weighing the job offer, she considered the high salary a plus, but the lack of remote work options was a significant minus.”

Antonyms

04the symbol

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Mathematics

n. the sign (−) used in math to show subtraction or negative numbers.

n. the mathematical character or symbol representing the operation of subtraction or a negative value.

“You forgot to put a minus in front of the number.”

“The student consistently confused the hyphen with the minus sign in his calculus homework.”

Synonyms

minus signdash

Antonyms

plus sign

05below zero

A2 · Elementary

adj. used to describe temperatures or numbers that are less than zero.

adj. pertaining to a quantity less than zero on a specific scale.

“The temperature dropped to minus ten degrees last night.”

“The company reported a minus figure for the third quarter, indicating a net loss rather than a profit.”

Usage

In temperature, 'minus' is usually placed before the number.

Synonyms

negativebelow zero

Antonyms

06slightly below a grade

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. used after a letter grade to show it is slightly lower than that grade.

adj. ranking just below a designated letter grade or rating.

“She was disappointed to get a B minus on her essay.”

“The credit agency downgraded the country's rating from A to A minus following the economic crisis.”

Usage

Always placed immediately after the noun or grade it modifies.

Antonyms

Etymology

From Middle English mynus, from Latin minus, neuter form of minor, comparative form of parvus (“small, little”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (“few, small”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domain

Mathematics

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Common
Level
B1 · Intermediate
Updated

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