English Reference
adjective · noun

lacking

adj. · n.
US /ˈɫækɪŋ/ UK /lˈækɪŋ/ lack·ing

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.not having enough of something, especially a good quality or a necessary skill.

    adj.deficient in a specific quality, attribute, or requirement. Often follows the verb 'to be' and takes the preposition 'in'.

    Simple

    The team played well, but their final performance was lacking in energy.

    In context

    While the technical execution of the concerto was flawless, the judges found the emotional depth of the performance somewhat lacking.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the pattern 'be lacking in [something]' or as a standalone adjective meaning 'unsatisfactory'.

    Pitfall
    The soup is lacking of salt. The soup is lacking in salt.

    When using 'lacking' as an adjective to show what is missing, use the preposition 'in', not 'of'.

  2. 02 C1 Advanced Formal

    n.the state of not having something that you should have.

    n.the state or instance of being without something desirable or necessary; a deficiency.

    Simple

    The main problem with the plan was a total lacking of clear instructions.

    In context

    The report highlighted a persistent lacking of oversight within the department, which led to several administrative errors.

    Usage

    Often used with 'of' when functioning as a gerund-noun.

    Teacher's tip

    In modern English, 'lack' is much more common as a noun than 'lacking'. Suggest 'a lack of' to students for most contexts.

Students were admitted to newly formed public universities lacking the reading skills those schools expected.

The Conversation· 23 Jul 2026

Maxence Lacroix and Morgan Rogers bring quality to positions where Chelsea were lacking it – at centre-back and out wide.

The Guardian· 12 Aug 2026
This entry
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated