English Reference

Word

northern

Phoneticsnorth·ern, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈnɔɹðɝn/

UK/nˈɔːðən/

Definitions

01location or direction

A2 · Elementary

adj. located in the north or facing toward the north.

adj. situated in, directed toward, or relating to the north.

“The northern coast of the island is famous for its high cliffs.”

“The northern boundary of the national park is defined by a rugged mountain range that remains snow-capped for most of the year.”

Synonyms

borealnortherly

Antonyms

02cultural or regional

B1 · Intermediate General-service

adj. related to the culture, people, or accent of a specific northern region, like the North of England.

adj. characteristic of the inhabitants or culture of a specific northern territory, often requiring capitalisation when referring to a defined political or cultural region.

“He has a strong northern accent that shows he grew up in Manchester.”

“The candidate focused her campaign on northern industrial towns, promising to revitalise the local economies through infrastructure investment.”

03a type of fish

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Cooking American English · Informal

n. a common name for the northern pike, a large freshwater fish.

n. a common name for the northern pike (Esox lucius), a predatory freshwater fish species.

“He spent the whole afternoon at the lake trying to catch a large northern.”

“Anglers prize the northern for its aggressive strike and the significant challenge it presents during the summer fishing season.”

Synonyms

04a person from the north

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Informal

n. someone who lives in or comes from a northern part of a country.

n. an inhabitant or native of a northern region.

“As a northern, she found the heat of the tropical summer very difficult.”

“The demographic shift saw many northerns moving to the coastal regions in search of milder winter climates.”

Synonyms

northerner

Antonyms

southernsoutherner

Collocations

Common phrases and expressions where native English speakers use the word “northern” in context.

Verb

01. explore northern

“We spent three weeks exploring northern territories to study the local wildlife.”

verb + noun

02. northern borders

“The northern border stretches across thousands of miles of forest.”

noun + verb

03. visit northern

“Many tourists visit northern regions during the summer months.”

verb + noun

Adjective

04. extreme northern

“Rare birds are often found in the extreme northern parts of the island.”

adj + noun

05. far northern

“The expedition traveled to the far northern reaches of the continent.”

adj + noun

Noun

06. heart of northern

“The city is located right in the heart of northern Italy.”

noun + prep + noun

07. part of northern

“Heavy snow is expected in this part of northern England tomorrow.”

noun + prep + noun

08. across the northern frontier

“Trade flourished across the northern frontier for many centuries.”

09. in the northern hemisphere

“Winter begins in December for countries in the northern hemisphere.”

Usage

Typically placed before the noun it modifies; often capitalised when part of a proper geographical name.

Word family

NOUN

Northern(B1)

Domain

Fishing

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B1 PreliminaryIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.4.0–5.0TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 3.0–3.544–71TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.550–784
Frequency
Very common
Level
B1 · IntermediateOxford
Updated

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English Reference