English Reference
preposition

on top of

prep.

  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    resting on the highest part or surface of something.

    positioned atop or resting upon the upper surface of an object.

    Simple

    He left his car keys on top of the refrigerator so he wouldn't lose them.

    In context

    The hikers finally reached the summit and stood on top of the mountain, looking down at the clouds below.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate

    used to mention an extra thing, usually something bad, that happens as well as something else.

    denoting an additional circumstance or event, frequently one that compounds an existing difficulty or situation.

    Simple

    On top of the heavy rain, our car broke down on the way home.

    In context

    The company faced a massive fine on top of the negative publicity generated by the recent product recall.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Informal

    to be fully informed about something and managing it well.

    maintaining awareness, control, or mastery over a task, situation, or set of information.

    Simple

    She stays on top of her emails by checking her inbox every hour.

    In context

    The project manager struggled to stay on top of the changing regulations, which threatened to delay the construction schedule.

Teaching tip

distinguish between the literal spatial meaning (position) and the figurative meaning (addition or control); the 'control' sense is often used with the verb 'stay' or 'be'.

This entry
Level B1 · Intermediate
Updated