ENGLISH
REFERENCE

punitive

adj.
C1 Advanced US //ˈpjunətɪv// UK //pjˈuːnɪtˌɪv// puni·tive

adj. intended to punish someone or something. It often describes very high costs or strict rules that feel like a penalty.

adj. inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment. Often describes financial measures or legal actions intended to deter specific behaviors through harsh consequences.


SIMPLE

The government imposed punitive taxes on tobacco products.

CONTEXTUAL

The court awarded punitive damages to the plaintiff to ensure the company would never repeat its negligent actions.

COMPLEX

While the initial sanctions were intended as a diplomatic warning, the subsequent measures were purely punitive, designed to cripple the nation's industrial capacity and force a total surrender.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Origin

From Middle French punitif, from Medieval Latin pūnitīvus, from pūniō (“I punish”).

Usage

Commonly modifies nouns like 'damages', 'measures', 'taxes', or 'action'.

© 2026 English Reference