English Reference

Word

punitive

Phoneticspuni·tive

US/ˈpjunətɪv/

UK/pjˈuːnɪtˌɪv/

Definition

adj. intended to punish someone or something. It often describes very high costs or strict rules that feel like a penalty.

adj. inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment. Often describes financial measures or legal actions intended to deter specific behaviors through harsh consequences.

Examples

“The government imposed punitive taxes on tobacco products.”

“The court awarded punitive damages to the plaintiff to ensure the company would never repeat its negligent actions.”

“While the initial sanctions were intended as a diplomatic warning, the subsequent measures were purely punitive, designed to cripple the nation's industrial capacity and force a total surrender.”

Examples

simple

“The government imposed punitive taxes on tobacco products.”

contextual

“The court awarded punitive damages to the plaintiff to ensure the company would never repeat its negligent actions.”

complex

“While the initial sanctions were intended as a diplomatic warning, the subsequent measures were purely punitive, designed to cripple the nation's industrial capacity and force a total surrender.”

Usage

Commonly modifies nouns like 'damages', 'measures', 'taxes', or 'action'.

Real-World Examples

“But this must be built around the principles of support and opportunity, rather than the failed punitive approaches of the past.”
The Guardian · 18 Aug 2026
“But in Tuesday’s statement, Rubio doubled down on his criticism, hinting at more punitive measures to come.”
Al Jazeera · 18 Aug 2026
“The report said, “an order of punitive damages against Arconic could cover these expenses, at no public cost”.”
The Guardian · 18 Aug 2026
“An immigrant from Ireland’s County Kerry, Connor had served in the Mexican-American War and would later lead a punitive campaign against the Sioux, the Cheyenne and the Arapaho.”
Smithsonian Magazine · 28 Jul 2026

Etymology

From Middle French punitif, from Medieval Latin pūnitīvus, from pūniō (“I punish”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Domains

LawMilitary

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

englishreference.com/q/punitive

English Reference