English Reference
noun · adjective

relative

n. · adj.
US /ˈɹɛɫətɪv/ UK /ɹˈɛlətˌɪv/ rel·a·tive UK spelling relatives

  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    n.a person who is part of your family by blood, marriage, or adoption.

    n.a person connected by kinship, whether through consanguinity, affinity, or legal adoption.

    Simple

    Most of my relatives live in the same city, so we see each other often.

    In context

    The solicitor spent several months attempting to locate any surviving relatives who might have a legal claim to the estate.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.considered in relation to something else rather than on its own.

    adj.existing or possessing a characteristic only in comparison to something else; not absolute.

    Simple

    The price of the car was a relative bargain compared to the newer models.

    In context

    The success of the regional branch is relative to the economic conditions of the surrounding area rather than just the manager's performance.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate Technical Science

    adj.describing a word (like 'who' or 'which') that refers back to a person or thing mentioned before.

    adj.referring to an antecedent; specifically used to describe pronouns or clauses that link back to a noun phrase.

    Simple

    In the sentence 'The man who called you', the word 'who' is a relative pronoun.

    In context

    Students often struggle with the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses in formal academic writing.

    Usage

    Commonly used in the phrases 'relative pronoun' or 'relative clause'.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced Technical Music

    adj.having the same set of notes but starting on a different one (major and minor).

    adj.denoting a major and minor key that share the same key signature.

    Simple

    A minor is the relative minor of C major because they use the same notes.

    In context

    The composer transitions smoothly from the primary theme in G major to its relative minor, E minor, to create a more somber atmosphere.

Usage relative of one · relative sizes · relative pattern


From Middle French relatif, from Late Latin relātīvus, from Latin relātus, perfect passive participle of referō (“to carry back, to ascribe”), from re- (“again”) + ferō (“to bear or carry”). By surface analysis, relate + -ive.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Latin relātus
Level B1 · Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated