absolute

B2 · Upper Intermediate Formal

adj. having total power or no limits.

adj. free from restrictions, limitations, or conditions; often used in political or legal contexts regarding power.

“In the past, some kings had absolute power over their people.”

“The dictator exercised absolute authority over the nation, suppressing any form of dissent through a strictly controlled state media.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate

adj. completely sure and not in doubt.

adj. positive, certain, and unquestionable; not subject to doubt or variation.

“Do you have absolute proof that he took the money?”

“The scientist provided absolute evidence that the chemical reaction occurred only under specific atmospheric conditions, silencing his critics.”

C1 · Advanced Science Technical

adj. measured by itself, not compared to other things.

adj. independent of arbitrary units, standards, or relations to other things; not comparative.

“Scientists measure absolute zero as the lowest possible temperature.”

“The researcher argued that the data must be viewed in absolute terms rather than relative percentages to understand the true scale of the change.”

C1 · Advanced Countable noun Philosophy Academic · Formal

n. something that is always true or perfect and does not change.

n. a principle or value that is universally valid and not dependent on circumstances.

“Some people believe that there are no moral absolutes in life.”

“The philosopher explored the tension between cultural relativism and the existence of moral absolutes that might govern human behavior across all societies.”

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Chemistry Technical

n. a very strong, pure oil taken from flowers for making perfume.

n. a highly concentrated, alcohol-soluble liquid extract obtained from a concrete or fat, used as a base for high-quality perfumes.

“The perfume is expensive because it contains pure jasmine absolute.”

“The perfumer selected a rare rose absolute, prized for its depth and complexity, to serve as the heart of the new fragrance line.”