roof

A2 · Elementary Countable noun

n. the top part of a car, bus, or train.

n. the upper surface of a vehicle, often used for storage or structural integrity.

“We strapped our bicycles to the roof of the car before driving to the mountains.”

“The convertible features a retractable hardtop roof that can be lowered in under twenty seconds while the vehicle is in motion.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun

n. the top inside surface of something, like your mouth or a cave.

n. the interior upper surface of a hollow structure or anatomical cavity.

“He burned the roof of his mouth because the pizza was too hot.”

“The explorers marvelled at the stalactites hanging from the roof of the limestone cavern, some of which reached nearly to the floor.”

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Science Technical

n. the rock layer directly above a tunnel or a layer of coal.

n. the rock layer immediately overlying a mineral seam or underground gallery.

“The miners had to install extra supports to keep the roof from falling.”

“Geological surveys indicated that the shale roof above the coal seam was unstable, necessitating a change in the extraction method.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate

v. to build or put a roof on a building.

v. to cover a structure with a roof; often used in the passive voice to describe a finished building.

“The workers finished roofing the new house just before the winter started.”

“The stadium is roofed with a translucent material that allows natural light to reach the grass while protecting spectators from rain.”