ENGLISH
REFERENCE

sole

n. countable
C1 Advanced Oxford US //ˈsoʊɫ// UK //sˈəʊl// sole Academic Archaic Dialect

n. the bottom part of your foot or the bottom of a shoe. You use this word to talk about the surface that touches the ground when you walk.

n. the undersurface of a person's foot or the bottom part of a shoe or boot. Often used in technical contexts regarding footwear construction or podiatry.


SIMPLE

The sole of my shoe is worn out.

CONTEXTUAL

The runner felt a sharp pain in the sole of her foot after stepping on a jagged rock.

COMPLEX

High-quality hiking boots often feature a reinforced rubber sole designed to provide maximum traction on slippery or uneven terrain while protecting the wearer from sharp debris.

Synonyms
Etymology 1

From Middle English sole, soule, from Old French sol, soul (“alone”), from Latin sōlus (“alone, single, solitary, lonely”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European swé (reflexive pronoun). Perhaps related to Old Latin sollus (“whole, complete”), from Proto-Indo-European solh₂- (“safe, healthy”). More at save.

Etymology 2

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sole, solu. Reinforced by Anglo-Norman sole, Old French sole, from Vulgar Latin sola (“bottom of the shoe”, also “flatfish”), from Latin solea (“sandal, bottom of the shoe”), from Proto-Indo-European swol- (“sole”). Cognate with Dutch zool (“sole, tread”), German Sohle (“sole, insole, bottom, floor”), Danish sål (“sole”), Icelandic sóli (“sole, outsole”), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌻𐌾𐌰 (sulja, “sandal”). Related to Latin solum (“bottom, ground, soil”). More at soil. Compare typologically Russian по́чва (póčva) akin to подо́шва (podóšva).

Etymology 3

From Middle English sole, soole, from Old English sāl (“a rope, cord, line, bond, rein, door-hinge, necklace, collar”), from Proto-Germanic sailą, sailaz (“rope, cable”), sailō (“noose, rein, bondage”), from Proto-Indo-European sey- (“to tie to, tie together”). Cognate with Scots sale, saile (“halter, collar”), Dutch zeel (“rope, cord, strap”), German Seil (“rope, cable, wire”), Icelandic seil (“a string, line”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian dell (“sinew, vein”).

Etymology 4

From Middle English sol, from Old English sol (“mire, miry place”), from Proto-Germanic sulą (“mire, wallow, mud”), from Proto-Indo-European sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian soal (“ditch”), Dutch sol (“water and mud filled pit”), German Suhle (“mire, wallow”), Norwegian saula, søyla (“mud puddle”). More at soil.

Etymology 5

From earlier sowle (“to pull by the ear”). Origin unknown. Perhaps from sow (“female pig”) + -le, as in the phrase "take a sow by the wrong ear", or from Middle English sole (“rope”). See above.

Usage

Commonly used in the singular when referring to one foot or shoe, but pluralized as 'soles' for pairs.

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