ENGLISH
REFERENCE

spine

n.
US //ˈspaɪn// UK //spˈaɪn// spine
  1. 1 backbone (n.)
    B1 Intermediate Medicine

    the row of bones down the center of your back that supports your body.

    the series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the pelvis, forming the main support of the body and protecting the spinal cord.

    Example

    He injured his spine during the football match and had to see a specialist.

    Example

    The surgeon explained that the fracture was located in the lower section of the spine, potentially affecting the patient's mobility.

  2. 2 book edge (n.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate

    the narrow part of a book cover that faces out when the book is on a shelf.

    the part of a book's binding that connects the front and back covers, usually displaying the title and author.

    Example

    The title was printed in gold letters on the spine of the old book.

    Example

    Years of exposure to direct sunlight had caused the leather on the book's spine to crack and the gilt lettering to fade.

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  1. 3 sharp point (n.)
    C1 Advanced Technical Science

    a sharp, hard point on an animal or plant, like on a cactus or a porcupine.

    a rigid, pointed outgrowth or needle-like structure on a plant or animal, often serving a defensive function.

    Example

    The cactus is covered in sharp spines to protect it from hungry animals.

    Example

    The biologist noted that the fish used its dorsal spines as a primary defense mechanism against larger predators in the reef.

  2. 4 central ridge (n.)
    C2 Proficiency Technical Science

    a long, thin part that forms the center or support of something.

    a central feature or ridge that provides structural integrity or acts as a primary axis for a larger formation.

    Example

    The mountain spine stretched across the horizon for miles.

    Example

    The volcanic spine, a vertical mass of hardened lava, remained standing long after the softer surrounding rock had eroded away.

Origin

From late Middle English spyne, from Old French espine (French épine) or its source, Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine; the backbone”). Doublet of spina.

Word family
Idioms1 entry

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