ENGLISH
REFERENCE

spines

n. countable
B2 Upper Intermediate US //ˈspaɪnz// UK //spˈaɪnz// spines

n. the sharp, needle-like parts on an animal or plant that protect it from being eaten. It can also mean the back parts of books where the titles are printed.

n. stiff, sharp-pointed protective structures on an organism, such as a porcupine or cactus; also refers to the back edges of books where the pages are gathered.


SIMPLE

The cactus is covered in sharp spines.

CONTEXTUAL

The librarian arranged the books so that their spines were clearly visible to anyone walking through the aisle.

COMPLEX

Biologists noted that the desert plant evolved thick, waxy leaves and sharp spines to deter herbivores while minimizing water loss in the extreme heat.

Synonyms
Usage

Often used in the plural when referring to the protective needles of an animal or plant.

© 2026 English Reference