English Reference

Word

sterile

Phoneticsster·ile, stress on the first syllable

US/ˈstɛɹəɫ/

UK/stˈɛɹaɪl/

Definitions

01free from germs

B2 · Upper Intermediate Medicine Technical

adj. completely clean and free from bacteria or other living things that could cause infection.

adj. free from all living or viable microorganisms; clinically clean.

“The surgeon made sure all the tools were sterile before the operation started.”

“Maintaining a sterile environment in the operating theatre is paramount to preventing post-operative infections in vulnerable patients.”

Usage

Often used to describe medical equipment, environments, or dressings.

Synonyms

antisepticdisinfectedsanitary

02unable to reproduce

B2 · Upper Intermediate Science

adj. unable to have babies or produce seeds or fruit.

adj. biologically incapable of reproduction or procreation.

“Mules are sterile animals, meaning they cannot have offspring of their own.”

“The hybrid plant was intentionally bred to be sterile, ensuring that it would not spread uncontrollably into the surrounding ecosystem.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

fertilefecund

03unproductive or boring

C1 · Advanced Formal

adj. lacking new ideas, excitement, or results.

adj. fruitless, uninspiring, or lacking in creative or emotional stimulation.

“The meeting was sterile and we didn't come up with any new plans.”

“Critics argued that the architect's latest design was sterile, lacking the human warmth and character found in his earlier works.”

04secure area

C1 · Advanced Technical

adj. an area, like in an airport, that is kept safe and free from dangerous objects.

adj. denoting a secure zone, particularly in aviation, that has been cleared of prohibited items via security screening.

“Once you pass through security, you are in the sterile area of the airport.”

“Passengers must remain within the sterile concourse once they have cleared the primary security checkpoint to ensure the integrity of the flight.”

Synonyms

05untraceable weapons

C2 · Proficiency Military American English · Technical

adj. weapons that are made in another country and cannot be traced back to their source.

adj. referring to foreign-made weaponry or equipment that cannot be traced back to the supplying nation.

“The agents were issued sterile weapons for the secret mission.”

“The intelligence agency provided the insurgents with sterile munitions to maintain plausible deniability regarding their involvement in the conflict.”

Synonyms

untraceabledeniable

Real-World Examples

“The way the light seems to be fighting against the sterile laboratory suggests there is a tension between man and nature.”
BBC Bitesize 2 Oct 2026
“We cannot wait until someone is on Mars to ask whether the lens, equipment and sterile supplies survived the trip." The JAMES project flew 135 unpackaged IOLs to the International Space Station (ISS).”
Phys.org 13 Sept 2026

Etymology

From Middle French stérile, from Latin sterilis (“barren, futile”). See also Ancient Greek στεῖρα (steîra).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Related words

Domain

Military

This entry

Exam level
CambridgeCambridgeCambridge English QualificationsThe exam suite from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, from A1 Movers up to C2 Proficiency. The benchmark names double as CEFR labels.B2 FirstIELTSIELTSInternational English Language Testing SystemThe 0–9 band test co-owned by the British Council, IDP, and Cambridge. Used for university entry, work, and migration.5.5–6.5TOEFL iBTTOEFL iBTTest of English as a Foreign Language, Internet-Based TestETS's academic English test, the standard route for US university admissions. Scored 0–120, with a 1–6 scale since 2026.1–6 scale: 4.0–4.572–94TOEICTOEICTest of English for International CommunicationETS's workplace English test, big in Japan and Korea. Listening & Reading scores 10–990 and tops out at C1.785–944
Frequency
Frequent
Level
B2 · Upper Intermediate
Updated

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English Reference