English Reference

Word

surge

US/ˈsɝdʒ/

UK/sˈɜːdʒ/

Definitions

01sudden increase

B2

n. a sudden and great increase in something.

n. a sudden, transient rush or significant increase in volume, intensity, or quantity.

“The city saw a sudden surge in the number of people using public transport this morning.”

“Economists noted a significant surge in consumer spending following the announcement of the tax cuts, though they warned the effect might be temporary.”

Synonyms

spikerushupswing

Antonyms

02electricity

C1

n. a sudden, brief increase in the amount of electricity in a wire.

n. a transient increase in voltage or current in an electrical circuit, often capable of damaging sensitive equipment.

“A power surge during the storm damaged my computer.”

“The facility installed industrial-grade protectors to shield the servers from any unexpected voltage surge caused by the local power grid.”

Technical

Synonyms

03water or sea

B2 · Science

n. a sudden, strong movement of a large amount of water.

n. a powerful forward or upward movement of a body of water, such as a swell or a storm-driven rise in sea level.

“The storm surge caused the river to overflow and flood the nearby streets.”

“Meteorologists warned that the tidal surge would likely breach the coastal defences if the wind speed continued to increase throughout the night.”

Synonyms

swellbillowflood

04jet engine

C2 · Science

n. a sudden change in airflow that makes a jet engine lose power or make loud noises.

n. a momentary reversal of airflow through a jet engine's compressor, typically resulting in a loss of thrust and audible banging.

“The pilot managed the engine surge safely and landed the plane without any trouble.”

“The investigation concluded that a compressor surge was triggered when the aircraft ingested a large bird during the initial climb phase.”

Technical

Synonyms

05to move forward suddenly

B2

v. to move forward or upward very quickly and with great force.

v. to move with a sudden, strong, and irresistible force in a specific direction.

“The crowd surged forward as soon as the gates opened.”

“Adrenaline surged through his veins as he stepped onto the stage to address the waiting audience.”

Usage

The verb is intransitive and does not take a direct object.

Synonyms

Antonyms

06to increase quickly

B2

v. to increase in value or amount very suddenly.

v. to experience a sudden and significant increase in value, price, or intensity.

“Oil prices surged after the news of the conflict reached the markets.”

“The company's stock surged by ten percent in midday trading following the release of their quarterly earnings report.”

Synonyms

Antonyms

Real-World Examples

“But there was little sign problems had been experienced on a similar scale this time round, despite a surge in “eyes hurt” Google searches.”
The Guardian · 13 Aug 2026
“The warning comes after the NHS sees a surge in patients and problems with equipment in high temperatures.”
BBC News · 6 Aug 2026
“But when electricity prices surged after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, costs rose, and over the past couple of winters, things began to change.”
BBC News · 15 Apr 2026

Etymology

The verb is from Middle English ^((please verify)) surgen, possibly from Middle French sourgir, from Old French surgir (“to rise, ride near the shore, arrive, land”), from Old Catalan surgir, from Latin surgō, contraction of surrigō, subrigō (“lift up, raise, erect; intransitive rise, arise, get up, spring up, grow, etc.”, transitive verb), from sub (“from below; up”) + regō (“to stretch”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European h₃réǵeti (“to straighten; right”), from the root h₃reǵ-; see regent. Doublet of source and sourd. The noun is from the verb.

From Middle English sourge, of uncertain origin. In the earliest examples, translating Old French sourgeon (modern French surgeon), from sourge- (which the Middle English term is probably from), the present stem of sourdre, from Latin surgō (“to rise”).

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Collocations

surge in patientssurge pricingsurged past

Domains

AviationNautical

This entry

Level
C1 · Advanced
Frequency
Frequent
Updated

Scan code

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English Reference