ENGLISH
REFERENCE

tragedy

n.
B2 Upper Intermediate Oxford US //ˈtɹædʒədi// UK //tɹˈædʒədi// tragedy General-service

n. a very sad event that causes a lot of suffering or death. The word can also describe a type of serious play or story that has an unhappy ending.

n. An event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident or natural disaster. Also refers to a genre of drama dealing with such events and having an unhappy ending. Countable.


SIMPLE

The sudden closing of the factory was a tragedy for the town.

CONTEXTUAL

The community held a vigil to mourn the tragedy and support the victims' families after the fire.

COMPLEX

For the ancient Greeks, tragedy was not merely sad entertainment but a civic ritual exploring the relationship between human flaws and inescapable divine will.

Synonyms
Antonyms
Origin

Middle English tragedie from Old French tragedie, itself from Latin tragoedia, in turn from Ancient Greek τραγῳδία (tragōidía), a compound of τράγος (trágos, “male goat”) and ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “song”).

The ancients were already arguing about why a dramatic form took its name from livestock. The Dorians, whose early performances featured goat-satyrs prancing across the orchestra, provide one candidate. A second, offered by the modern Hellenist Robert Beekes, suggests the goat may simply have been the prize awarded to the winning playwright — a practical animal, dispatched for its meat rather than its muse. After twenty-five centuries the question remains unsettled, though the word has long since left paddock and stagehand behind.

© 2026 English Reference