turnover

B2 · Upper Intermediate Uncountable noun

n. the rate at which people leave a company and are replaced by new employees.

n. the frequency or rate at which a particular group, such as a workforce or inventory, is replaced.

“The company has a high turnover of staff because the working hours are very long.”

“Human resources implemented a new mentorship programme to address the high staff turnover that had been affecting productivity in the engineering department.”

B1 · Intermediate Countable noun Cooking

n. a small pie made by folding a piece of pastry over a filling, like apple or cherry.

n. a small, individual pie formed by folding a piece of pastry in half over a sweet or savoury filling.

“I bought a warm apple turnover from the bakery for my breakfast.”

“The chef prepared a batch of golden-brown cherry turnovers, dusting each with powdered sugar before serving them with a side of clotted cream.”

B2 · Upper Intermediate Countable noun Sports

n. a situation in a game where one team loses the ball to the other team.

n. a loss of possession of the ball or puck to the opposing team before a shot is attempted.

“The team lost the game because they made too many turnovers in the final minutes.”

“The coach attributed the defeat to unforced turnovers, noting that the players struggled to maintain possession under the opponent's aggressive full-court press.”

C2 · Proficiency Countable noun Archaic

n. a student worker who is moved from one master to another to finish their training.

n. an apprentice who is transferred from one employer to another to complete the remainder of their term of service.

“The young blacksmith was a turnover, sent to finish his training in the city.”

“Historical records from the guild indicate that turnovers were common when a master craftsman passed away before his apprentices had completed their seven-year terms.”

C1 · Advanced Technical

adj. designed so that it can be turned over or used on both sides.

adj. capable of being turned over; specifically designed to function or be displayed after being flipped.

“The mechanic used a turnover tool to reach the bottom of the engine.”

“The assembly line featured a turnover mechanism that automatically inverted the chassis to allow technicians to install the undercarriage components.”