English Reference
adjective · verb

unstable

adj. · v.
US /ənˈsteɪbəɫ/ UK /ʌnstˈeɪbəl/ un·sta·ble

  1. 01 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.likely to fall, move, or collapse because it is not firm.

    adj.lacking physical stability or equilibrium; precarious in position or structure.

    Simple

    Don't climb that ladder; it looks very unstable on this uneven ground.

    In context

    The engineers warned that the bridge's foundations were becoming unstable due to the constant erosion of the riverbed.

  2. 02 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.changing often and without warning, like the weather or a country's politics.

    adj.prone to sudden or unpredictable change; lacking a constant or reliable state.

    Simple

    The political situation in the region remains unstable after the recent elections.

    In context

    Economists are concerned that the unstable market conditions will discourage long-term investment in the manufacturing sector.

  3. 03 B2 Upper Intermediate

    adj.having moods or feelings that change very quickly or in a worrying way.

    adj.characterised by emotional or mental volatility; prone to sudden shifts in temperament.

    Simple

    He has been emotionally unstable since he lost his job last month.

    In context

    The witness was deemed unreliable due to her unstable mental state at the time of the incident.

  4. 04 C1 Advanced Technical Science

    adj.likely to change its form or explode easily.

    adj.readily undergoing chemical decomposition or change; highly reactive.

    Simple

    The scientist handled the unstable liquid with great care in the lab.

    In context

    Certain chemical compounds become highly unstable when exposed to direct sunlight or sudden changes in temperature.

  5. 05 C1 Advanced Technical Science

    adj.having a nucleus that changes and releases energy.

    adj.relating to an atomic nucleus that is prone to spontaneous radioactive decay.

    Simple

    Unstable isotopes break down over time and release radiation.

    In context

    The laboratory specialises in measuring the decay rates of unstable atomic nuclei produced during fission.

  6. 06 C2 Proficiency Archaic

    v.to let an animal, like a horse, out of its building.

    v.to release an animal from a stable. Transitive use.

    Simple

    The groom went to unstable the horses for the morning ride.

    In context

    At the first sign of fire, the stable hands rushed to unstable the panicked stallions and lead them to the safety of the paddock.

Usage concurrent unstable · highly unstable · unstable condition

Importantly, never exercise on unstable surfaces when you’re tired.

ScienceDaily· 16 Aug 2026

Type Ia supernovae are extremely bright explosions that are generally believed to occur when a white dwarf becomes unstable and undergoes a runaway thermonuclear reaction.

ScienceDaily· 1 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Middle English unstable; equivalent to un- (not) + stable.

Etymology 2

From un- (reversive prefix) + stable.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Middle English unstable
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Frequent
Updated