English Reference
adjective · noun · verb

firm

adj. · n. · v.
US /ˈfɝm/ UK /fˈɜːm/ firm UK spelling firmed

  1. 01 A2 Elementary

    adj.solid and strong, but not completely hard like a rock.

    adj.having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure; resistant to pressure but not necessarily brittle.

    Simple

    The mattress was firm enough to support his back during the night.

    In context

    The baker kneaded the dough until it felt firm and elastic, indicating that the gluten had developed sufficiently for a good rise.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate

    adj.fixed and unlikely to change, such as a decision or a price.

    adj.fixed, stable, or definite; not subject to change or fluctuation.

    Simple

    We don't have a firm date for the wedding yet, but we hope it will be in June.

    In context

    Despite the market volatility, the company maintained a firm commitment to its original expansion strategy.

  3. 03 B1 Intermediate

    adj.strict and sure about what you want, without being mean.

    adj.showing determination and strength of character; not easily influenced or shaken.

    Simple

    You need to be firm with the dog or he won't obey your commands.

    In context

    The negotiator remained firm on the price, refusing to entertain any offers that fell below the board's minimum threshold.

  4. 04 A2 Elementary Business

    n.a business or a company, especially one that provides a professional service.

    n.a commercial partnership or business enterprise, often used for professional services like law or accounting.

    Simple

    She works for a famous law firm in the city centre.

    In context

    The architectural firm secured the contract after presenting a revolutionary design that integrated sustainable materials with modern aesthetics.

  5. 05 C1 Advanced British EnglishSlang

    n.a group of violent football fans or a criminal gang.

    n.a gang of criminals or a group of football hooligans associated with a specific club.

    Simple

    The police were watching the rival firms closely before the match started.

    In context

    Documentaries often explore the subculture of football firms, focusing on the tribal loyalty and organized violence that defined the era.

  6. 06 B2 Upper Intermediate Economics

    v.to become steady or stop changing, especially in price.

    v.to become solid or stable; often used in financial contexts to describe prices stopping their decline.

    Simple

    Oil prices began to firm up after the news of the trade deal.

    In context

    Market analysts noted that share prices started to firm late in the afternoon as investor confidence returned following the central bank's announcement.

  7. 07 C1 Advanced British EnglishInformal

    v.to choose a university as your first and main choice.

    v.to confirm a conditional offer from a higher education institution as one's primary choice.

    Simple

    I've decided to firm my offer from Bristol University.

    In context

    After visiting several campuses, she finally decided to firm her place at Edinburgh, citing the strength of their research facilities.

    Usage

    Often used as 'to firm an offer'.

But the three Spanish firms that own the site - Iberdrola, Endesa and Naturgy - asked the government last year to allow Almaraz to remain in service for another two years.

The Local· 14 Aug 2026

He left the White House in 2018 and started a private firm that worked with Trump's 2020 campaign.

BBC News· 13 Aug 2026

Etymology 1

From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”).

Etymology 2

From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma.

Etymology 3

From Middle English fermen (“to make firm”), partly from (either through Old French fermer or directly) Latin firmō, from firmus (“firm”, adjective), and partly a new formation on the adjective.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin German Firma
Level B2 · Upper Intermediate
Frequency Common
Updated