ENGLISH
REFERENCE

firm

adj. · n. · v.
US //ˈfɝm// UK //fˈɜːm// firm
  1. 1 solid or hard (adj.)
    A2 Elementary

    solid and strong, but not completely hard like a rock.

    having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure; resistant to pressure but not necessarily brittle.

    Example

    The mattress was firm enough to support his back during the night.

    Example

    The baker kneaded the dough until it felt firm and elastic, indicating that the gluten had developed sufficiently for a good rise.

  2. 2 fixed or certain (adj.)
    B1 Intermediate

    fixed and unlikely to change, such as a decision or a price.

    fixed, stable, or definite; not subject to change or fluctuation.

    Example

    We don't have a firm date for the wedding yet, but we hope it will be in June.

    Example

    Despite the market volatility, the company maintained a firm commitment to its original expansion strategy.

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  1. 3 strict or determined (adj.)
    B1 Intermediate

    strict and sure about what you want, without being mean.

    showing determination and strength of character; not easily influenced or shaken.

    Example

    You need to be firm with the dog or he won't obey your commands.

    Example

    The negotiator remained firm on the price, refusing to entertain any offers that fell below the board's minimum threshold.

  2. 4 a company (n.)
    A2 Elementary Business

    a business or a company, especially one that provides a professional service.

    a commercial partnership or business enterprise, often used for professional services like law or accounting.

    Example

    She works for a famous law firm in the city centre.

    Example

    The architectural firm secured the contract after presenting a revolutionary design that integrated sustainable materials with modern aesthetics.

  3. 5 hooligan group (n.)
    C1 Advanced British English Slang

    a group of violent football fans or a criminal gang.

    a gang of criminals or a group of football hooligans associated with a specific club.

    Example

    The police were watching the rival firms closely before the match started.

    Example

    Documentaries often explore the subculture of football firms, focusing on the tribal loyalty and organized violence that defined the era.

  4. 6 to become steady (v.)
    B2 Upper Intermediate Economics

    to become steady or stop changing, especially in price.

    to become solid or stable; often used in financial contexts to describe prices stopping their decline.

    Example

    Oil prices began to firm up after the news of the trade deal.

    Example

    Market analysts noted that share prices started to firm late in the afternoon as investor confidence returned following the central bank's announcement.

  5. 7 to make a choice (v.)
    C1 Advanced British English Informal

    to choose a university as your first and main choice.

    to confirm a conditional offer from a higher education institution as one's primary choice.

    Example

    I've decided to firm my offer from Bristol University.

    Example

    After visiting several campuses, she finally decided to firm her place at Edinburgh, citing the strength of their research facilities.

    Usage

    Often used as 'to firm an offer'.

Etymology 1

From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmāre (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which. Doublet of dharma and dhamma. Other cognates include Russian держать (deržatʹ, “to hold”).

Etymology 2

From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma.

Etymology 3

From Middle English fermen (“to make firm”), partly from (either through Old French fermer or directly) Latin firmō, from firmus (“firm”, adjective), and partly a new formation on the adjective.

Word family
Idioms3 entries

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