English Reference
noun · adjective · verb

yellow

n. · adj. · v.
US /ˈjɛɫoʊ/ UK /jˈɛləʊ/ yel·low UK spelling yellows

  1. 01 A1 Beginner

    n.the color of lemons, sunflowers, or the sun.

    n.the color of light with a wavelength of approximately 580 nanometers; one of the three primary colors in subtractive systems.

    Simple

    She chose a bright yellow for the kitchen walls to make the room feel warmer.

    In context

    The artist used a vibrant cadmium yellow to capture the intensity of the midday sun reflecting off the desert sands.

  2. 02 B1 Intermediate Sport

    n.a yellow card shown by a referee to warn a player.

    n.a yellow card issued as a formal caution to a player for a foul or misconduct during a match.

    Simple

    The defender received a yellow for a late tackle in the first half.

    In context

    After receiving an early yellow for dissent, the midfielder had to play more cautiously to avoid a second booking and a subsequent red card.

  3. 03 A1 Beginner

    adj.having the color of a lemon or gold.

    adj.possessing a hue characterized by the color yellow.

    Simple

    He wore a yellow raincoat so he would be easy to see in the storm.

    In context

    The autumn leaves turned a brilliant yellow before falling to the damp forest floor.

    lemon coloredgolden
  4. 04 B2 Upper Intermediate Informal

    adj.not brave; easily scared.

    adj.lacking courage or being easily intimidated; often used as a mild insult.

    Simple

    He was too yellow to stand up to the bully.

    In context

    The antagonist mocked the hero, calling him yellow for refusing to participate in the dangerous duel.

  5. 05 C1 Advanced Academic

    adj.news that is shocking or exaggerated rather than being accurate.

    adj.referring to journalism that relies on sensationalism and crude exaggeration to attract readers.

    Simple

    The magazine was famous for its yellow journalism and fake celebrity stories.

    In context

    Historians often point to the yellow journalism of the late nineteenth century as a major factor in swaying public opinion toward war.

    Usage

    Almost always used in the fixed phrase 'yellow journalism'.

    sensationalisttabloid
  6. 06 B2 Upper Intermediate

    v.to turn yellow, especially because of age.

    v.to become yellow or yellower over time, often due to oxidation or exposure to light.

    Simple

    The old newspapers had started to yellow and crumble at the edges.

    In context

    The white silk of the wedding dress had yellowed significantly after sitting in the attic for over fifty years.

    discolortarnish

Usage yellow card


Etymology 1

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolwe, oblique form of Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic gelu, from Proto-Germanic gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European ǵʰelh₃wós, from ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”). Cognate with Scots yella (“yellow”), North Frisian gööl, güül (“yellow”), Saterland Frisian jeel (“yellow”), West Frisian giel (“yellow”), Cimbrian gel, ghéel (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”), Dutch Low Saxon gael, gel (“yellow”), German gelb, gehl (“yellow”), German Low German gel, geel, gęl, gäl (“yellow”), Luxembourgish giel (“yellow”), Vilamovian gaoł (“yellow”), Yiddish געל (gel), געלב (gelb, “yellow”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish gul (“yellow”), Faroese and Icelandic gulur (“yellow”). Compare also Welsh gell (“bay, tawny”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Italian giallo (“yellow”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”). The verb is from Middle English yelwen, ȝalowen, ȝolewen, from Old English ġeolwian, from the adjective.

Etymology 2

From the colors used on traffic lights; yellow being the one for warning vehicles to stop soon.

Etymology adapted from Wiktionary, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This entry
Origin Old English ġeolwian
Level A1 · Beginner
Frequency Common
Updated